Indoor Planning with Pico BTS

3.9.2007

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Introduction
Pico BTS is small size, low power Indoor Base Station, which
can be used to provide coverage and capacity for different type
of indoor locations
Traffic Hot spots like
Shopping malls
Railway stations, Airports etc
Office buildings

Basic Coverage
Underground locations like car parks

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Pico BTS with

internal antenna

Pico WCDMA BTS - Main characteristics

UMTS Node B compliant to 3GPP Release 6 BTS Class Local Area Base
Station specifications
2100Mhz UMTS frequency band
Frequency range: 2110 2170 MHz downlink 1920 1980 MHz uplink
Single carrier 250 mW/24 dBm RF output power
Receiver sensitivity: -107 dBm, 12.2 kbps AMR static (compliant with 3 GPP FDD
local area BS class)
Single transmitter - Receiver diversity
BTS synchronization: AAL2

Pico Channel Element Capacity

Modem Capacity: 83 CE downlink, 82 CE uplink
80 simultaneous voice calls AMR 12.2
Min 3 CE in DL and 2 CE in UL reserved for Common Channels
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Pico BTS antenna characteristics

Pico BTS can be used with internal or with external antenna (s).
Internal antenna
Can be used if Pico BTS location can be selected so that it supports
planning requirements
If Rx diversity is used & required

External antennas
External antennas or even small DAS with few antennas can be used
to distribute signal to the areas where Pico internal antenna does not
provide sufficient coverage
Building Rx diversity with external antenna (s) or DAS, require
duplication of components

Pico BTS can be installed either on wall, ceiling or pole.

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The internal antenna for the Pico BTS

Optional internal antenna
Screwed to the front of the main unit
Support for receiver diversity
Hidden behind plastic cover
Characteristics when mounted on unit
Polarization: Dual Slant 45
Antenna Gain 6 dBi
Half Power Beam width:
70 horizontal
70 vertical

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Pico BTS antenna characteristics

Pico BTS supports receive diversity. It is possible to implement Rx diversity
with internal antenna or with external antenna
In case of external antenna or DAS, it will require duplication of the
components.
BTS commissioning Parameter AntennaPortConfic defines the
configuration of the two antenna port Tx/RxA respective RxB
Diversity Operation
Tx/RxA is used for Tx and Rx and
RxB is used for Rx

OneBASE Node B unit

Duplex Filter
Tx / RxA

Only the Tx/RxA is used for both Tx

and Rx. RxB is not used.

SMA

RxB
SMA

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Combined Operation

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Split Operation
Tx/RxA port is used for Tx only and
RxB is used for Rx

Example - 3G Pico Site in Karaportti

TL2 is open type of office with some concrete/bearing walls in the middle of
the building.
Currently only one 3G Pico site is used, which provides partial coverage for
TL2 floor

~ 100m
Concrete/
Bearing walls
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3G Pico with 6dBi panel

antenna and CPICH pwr 14
Presentation / Author / Date
dBm

Example 3G Pico in Karaportti

Picture shows coverage for SC 236 (Pico)
Pico site cannot provide dominance for whole floor
Pico Coverage is poor in some areas.

Proposed location
of second Pico Site

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Poor Coverage areas

Example 3G Pico in Karaportti

In deep inside areas, conditions can change very
rapidly, especially when strong macro neighbour
HO areas need to be planned and tested

In this case, Pico coverage drop

very fast when turning behind
the corner, SHO not always
successful = call drop

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Example 3G Pico in Karaportti

Picture shows EcNo best active & successful SHO
Number of SHO increase in the areas which are not dominating by
Pico ( poor coverage areas)
Ping-Pong effect
- Tune SHO parameters if possible OR /AND add second Pico to
ensure better dominance and coverage in deep inside areas

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Capacity

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Pico BTS Capacity CE usage

Pico BTS is originally third party product and its Channel Element Capacity
consumption differs from ex-Nokia BTSs
Table below describe the difference between Pico BTS CE usage and exNokia BTS CE usage without HSDPA
Required Channel
Elements

Pico BTS 80
Capacity

WSPC
Capacity

Flexi System
Module FSMB
(RAS51)

Max number of
CE's

83 DL / 82 UL

64

192

Min for Common

Channels

3 DL / 2 UL

16 for 1-3
cells

16 for 1-3 cells

ExNokia
BTS

User data
rate/Kbps

Pico
BTS

16 or voice

80

64 (48)

192 (176)

32

40

32 (24)

96 (88)

64

2.65

30

16 (12)

48 (44)

128

15

16 (12)

48 (44)

256

10

7*

8 (6)

24 (22)

384

16

10

7*

4 (3)

12 (11)

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Pico BTS Capacity Common Channels

Pico BTS Common Channel CE consumption differs from ex-Nokia products
In DL maximum CCH capacity can be achieved with 3 CE
FACH require 2 CE
PCH require 1 CE
BCH require 0 CE

In UL minimum 2 CE is requirement
2 CE is required per PRACH signature
WCEL parameter AllowedPreambleSignatures define how many preamble signatures
are allowed. Current default value for this parameter is 4, if default value is used it
means that 4x2CE=8CE is reserved for UL Common Channels.
If RRI period is 200 ms, there are 10 x 20ms RACH frames and in each 20ms RACH
frame there are 15 RACH subslots, within each subslot it is possible to receive and
decode a maximum of 4 preambles. Therefore in 200 ms it is possible to receive
15*4*10=600 preambles.
Using 1 PRACH signature, 150 preambles can be received. If one signature is not
enough, the second one can be implemented.
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Pico BTS Capacity - DL Spreading codes

When HSDPA is enabled in the cell, five SF16 codes are reserved for
HSDPA. This leaves room for maximum four SF8 (384kbps) NRT DCH data
users
From interference point of view, indoor cells could possibly handle more
DCH traffic than this value
=> Downlink code limit can be easily reached in high traffic indoor cells,
when HSDPA is activated.

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HSDPA & HSUPA Support

Pico BTS Release 1 Q3 2007 (RAS51)
HSDPA 16QAM support (5 codes) without license
Pico BTS Release 2 ~ Q1/2008 (RAS06)
Support for 32 simultaneous HSDPA users and 6 simultaneous HSUPA users
15 codes: 12.8 Mbps /cell
HSUPA: 1.44 Mbps/user
RAS51
Number
of users

HSDPA enabled in
the BTS (CEs)

HSDPA enabled in the

Cell (CEs)

Nora BTS

16

32

3*32=96 CE *

Flexi BTS

16

32

3*32=96 CE

Pico BTS
Rel1

16

25 CE for 5 codes (3.6Mbps)

+ 0.5 CE for each active HSDPA radio link

RAS06
Nora BTS

48

64

3* 64 =192 CE *

Flexi BTS

48

80

3* 80 = 240 CE

25 CE for 5 codes
Pico BTS
Rel2
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32

(3.6Mbps)

50 CE for 10 codes (7.2 Mbps)

75 CE for 15 codes (12.8 Mbps)
+ 0.5 CE For each active HSDPA radio link

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HSDPA throughput in indoor environment

Once properly planned, indoor cells can generally provide
better HSDPA throughput than Macrocells.
High CPICH Ec/No and RSCP together with better Orthogonality lead
to higher average SINR than in macro cells
Indoor sites are typically well isolated and there is often LOS to the
antenna which increase Orthogonality

Good RF conditions cannot not provide good HSDPA throughput if

there is not enough capacity (Iub etc.)
1 x E1 is limiting
throughput

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HSDPA throughput
HSDPA throughput can vary due the many reasons
Capacity - Is there enough capacity (Iub, BTS Power) allocated for HSDPA
With 1 x E1 it is difficult to get maximum performance
HSDPA Power settings (PtxMaxHSDPA, PtxTargetHSDPA, HSDPAPriority) and BTS
max power has impact for the throughput

How many other HSDPA or DCH users in the BTS/cell

HSDPA users use shared resources
Effect of DCH users depends on power parameter settings and activation of dynamic
power control + HSDPA Priority parameter setting

Used Modulation (16QAM or QPSK)

Rel1 Pico BTS support 16QAM without licence
Theoretical throughput is higher with 16QAM than with QPSK in case not limited by
Parameters (e.g. SharedHSDPAFlowControlAllocation) or Capacity

UE capability of using 16QAM

Used Scheduler
HSDPA Mobility when mobility is disabled, there is data cap during cell change
HSDPA Mobility also has impact for the initial HSDPA selection
HSDPA SCC is not supported via Iur (RAS51)
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Pico Uplink

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Indoor Environment - EbNo

Eb/No impacts both system coverage and capacity
Eb/No requirement is a function of BLER requirements, Bit Rate, UE speed,
propagation channel and Diversity etc.

Pico BTS support Receive Diversity

In case of external antennas or internal antenna without diversity, the

indoor EbNo requirements for UL and DL are approximately the same

because there is no gain from UL space diversity
Eb/No form part of the RNC data build.
Table below shows estimated EbNo requirements for UL with and without
diversity

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Indoor Environment Minimum Coupling Loss

The MCL requirement is defined as the lowest allowed link loss between the UE

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Rx
Power

Tx
Power

transmitter and BTS receiver

The MCL requirement protects the WBTS receiver from excessive uplink power
excessive own cell interference
If the MCL requirement is ignored a UE close to WBTS receiver may not have
sufficient transmit power dynamic range to avoid generating excessive uplink
power
MCL affects both uplink coverage and uplink capacity. The impact of MCL
depends on uplink noise figure. In case of Pico BTS, the noise figure is assumed to
be 16 dB (the noise figure of WBTS)

-21
dBm

-55
dBm

Presentation / Author / Date

-105 dBm

TPC
comman
ds

Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) II

For example, an MCL of 40 dB causes a noise rise of 4 dB when the
minimum UE transmit power is 50 dBm and the existing noise floor is 92
dBm (UL noise figure 16 dB - Pico)
Pico -When MCL is
> 45 dB the noise
rise generated by UE
transmitting at 50
dBm is negligible

Picture: Relationship between uplink interference floor increase and

the MCL
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Pico Uplink - PrxNoise

When cell is complete unloaded it should measure only thermal noise i.e. -108dBm
and Noise Figure of the Pico BTS receiver sub system ~ 16 dB
In case of Pico BTS the measured PrxNoise level is -92 dBm (-108dBm + ~16 dB)

PrxNoise

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Pico Uplink- PrxNoise

If Prx autotuning is allowed, it will adjust Prx Noise level automatically and allow calls
even if the value set by parameter PrxNoise is not correct
However, if Prx Autotuning is OFF, the value of PrxNoise have to set for Pico
specific value = -92 dBm, otherwise calls cannot be made
Default is -101.9 dBm,
for Pico = -92 dBm

Pico NF ~ 16 dB
UL Noise -92 dBm
(thermal noise + NF)
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Parameters

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Pico BTS Power Common Channels

Pico BTS max power is 24 dBm = 250 mW
Using general planning rules when 10% of max power is allocated to CPICH
and other ~10% for other CCHs (total 20% for CCHs)
Default for Ptx_CPICH = 14dBm
All other CCH parameters can be as default

14 dBm = 25 mW
total for CCHs =~ 50 mW

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Pico BTS Parameters

Because of low output power, all power related parameters need to have
Pico BTS specific value.
Table below present parameter set example for Pico BTS
AICHTraTime must
be 1

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