Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Theories of Development
Theories of Development
early attachment
experiences during infancy
play a role on the adolescent
years?
Why
Theories of Development
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Through
Psychosocial Theory
Psychosocial Theory
Trust
vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair.
Psychosocial Theory
Emphasized
culture.
Believed
Conflicts/crisis
due to interaction
between individual and social
environment which is constructed
by family and culture.
Thoughts,
memory, information
processing, mental processes,
language, and affect etc
Children
actively construct
knowledge as they manipulate and
explore the world. What do
children use and how?
Cognitive- Developmental
Theory
Humans
Four
major period/stages
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, and formal operations.
Each period includes particular way
individual thinks and acts.
Socio-cultural Theory
Lev
Observation
Naturalistic
Structured
Self Report
Structured Interview
Clinical interview flexible conversation
Ethnography
Understanding a culture or social group
through in-depth method/observation.
Months of participating in daily life.
Correlational Design
Studying natural life
circumstances. No alterations.
Positive
Negative
CORRELATION DOES NOT
MEAN CAUSATION!!!!
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Experiment
Understand cause and
effect
Independent Variable
(cause)
Dependent Variable (effect)
Cross
Sectional - 18 vs. 80
year olds
Longitudinal
- 18 wait
62 years 80 year olds
Unethical Research
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yi5RNp2XS3k
Chapter 2
Genetic and Environmental
Foundations
GENETIC COUNSELING
Counseling
ADOPTION
Couples
ADOPTION
http://youtu.be/wBraT8F4mQ0
Explanation
A physical exam before conception permits
detection of diseases and other medical problems
that might reduce fertility be difficult to treat during
pregnancy or affect the developing organism
Find out if anyone in your family has had a child with
a genetic disease or disability. If so, seek genetic
counseling before conception
Because the developing organism is highly sensitive
to damaging environmental agents during the early
weeks of pregnancy, couples trying to conceive
should avoid drugs, alcohol, cigarette smoke,
radiation, pollution, chemicals in the home and
work, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, stay
away from radiation and industrial chemicals that
are known to cause mutations.
A doctor recommended vitamin mineral supplement
begun before conception helps prevent many
prenatal problems. It should include folic acid, which
reduces the chances of neural tube defects,
prematurity and low birth weight.
Long periods of infertility may be due to genetic
defects in either partner. If a physical exam reveals
healthy reproductive system, seek genetic
counseling.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS
FOR DEVELOPMENT
Socio-economic status and functioning
Factors that determine the person or
familys social position and economic wellbeing.
Along a continuum
Three factors (1) years of education;
(2) prestige of job and skill it requires
both of which measure social status; and
(3) income measures economic status.
Linked to timing of parenthood and family
size. Skilled and manual occupations more
like to marry and have children early and
have more children than people in
professional and technical occupations.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS
FOR DEVELOPMENT
Also
High
policies
Laws and government programs
designed to improve current
conditions (low-cost housing,
increase welfare benefits, providing
schools with more tax money
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What
What