FSM Application

IMPLEMENTATION OF CAR PARKING
LOT USING FSM MODELLING ON FPGA

By
N.SAI MANI BHARATH
M.Tech 1st YEAR
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT
Car parking system is implemented using Finite State Machine Modelling.
The system has two main modules i.e
1)Identification module and
2) slot checking module.
Identification module identifies the visitor. Slot checking module checks the slot
status. These modules are Modelled in HDL and implemented on FPGA.
A prototype of parking system is designed with various interfaces like sensor
interfacing, stepper motor and LCD.
INTRODUCTION
FSM:
State machines or FSM are the heart of any digital design
Controller of any processor is about a group of state machines.
There are two types of state machines as classified by the types of outputs generated from each
MELAY FSM
MOORE FSM
MELAY FSM:
Mealy State Machine where one or more of the outputs are a function of the present state and
one or more of the inputs.

More sensitive to the changes in the inputs
Reqiures less no states compared to Moore state machine.
MOORE FSM:
Moore State Machine where the outputs are only a function of the present state
Less sensitivity to changes in inputs
Requires more no states.
FSM using Verilog
FSM code should have three sections:
Encoding Style .
Combinational Part (Next State Logic and output Logic).
Sequential Part (State Registers).
FSM Using Verilog

Encoding Style:
Binary Encoding:
parameter [1:0] S0 = 2b00;
One hot Encoding:
parameter
parameter
parameter
parameter
[3:0]
[3:0]
[3:0]
[3:0]
S0
S1
S2
S3
=
=
=
=
4b0001;
4b0010;
4b0100;
4b1000;
Gray Encoding (Only 1-bit should change from

previous value):
parameter
parameter
parameter
parameter
[2:0]
[2:0]
[2:0]
[2:0]
S0
S1
S2
S3
=
=
=
=
3b000;
3b001;
3b011;
3b010;
REQUIREMENTS:
Xilinx ISE
FPGA BOARD
LCD DISPLAY
MOTOR
IR SENSOR MODULES
POWER SUPPLY
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER
SUPPLY
IR
SENSOR
MODULE
A
IR
SENSOR
MODULE
B
LCD
FPGA
ULN 2003
STEPPER
MOTOR
Xilinx ISE
Xilinx ISE contains all the aspects required for Devolopment
flow
Various tools provided by Xilinx are
Xilinx Project Navigator
Xilinx synthesis tool-XST
Xilinx Simulation Tool
Impact
ModelSim
Xilinx project Navigator
Project Navigator is a graphical interface for users to

access software tools and relevant files associated with
a project.
It consists of four windows
Source window
Process window
Transcript window
Workplace window
PROCESS INVOLVED
DURING ENTRANCE
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR
IR
SENSOR
TX A
A=0&B=0
SENSOR
RX A
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR RX
B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR RX
A
A=1&B=0
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR
RX A
A=1&B=1
A=0&B=1
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
RX A
PROCESS INVOLVED DURING EXIT
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR
IR
SENSOR
TX A
A=0&B=0
SENSOR
RX A
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR RX
B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR RX
A
A=0&B=1
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
TX B
IR SENSOR
TX A
IR SENSOR
RX A
A=1&B=1
A=1&B=0
IR SENSOR
RX B
IR SENSOR
RX A
STATE DIAGRAM
S0
A,B=0
S5
S1
A=1
B=0
A=0
B=1
S6
A=1
B=1
S2
A=1
B=1
S7
A=1
B=0
S3
A=0
B=1
S4
ENTER/
1
S8
EXIT
/1
Steps involved in devolopment of software

Process
There are four major steps involved :
Create the design project and HDL codes.
Create a Testbench and perform RTL simulation.
Add a constraint file and synthesize and implement the
code.
Generate and download the configuration file to an
FPGA device.
Verilog code
module car_detector_final(
input [1:0] x,
input clk,rst,
output entry,exit,
output [3:0] count
);
parameter s0=4'b0000;
reg [3:0] state , next_state;
always @ (posedge clk)begin
if(rst) begin
state <=s0;
end
else state<=next_state;
end
end module
always @ * begin
case(state)
s0:next_state=((x==2'b10)?s1:((x==2'b01)?s5:s0));
s4:next_state=((x==2'b10)?s1:s0);
s8:next_state=((x==2'b01)?s5:s0);
default: next_state=state;
endcase
end
assign entry=(state==s4);
assign exit=(state==s8);
bin_count b1(.clk(clk),.enclk(entry),.exclk(exit),.rst(rst),.y(count));
endmodule
module bin_count(input clk,enclk,exclk,rst, output reg [3:0] y);
always @ (posedge clk) begin
if(rst)
y=4'b0000;
else
if(enclk==1)
y=y+1'b1;
else
if(exclk==1)
y=y-1'b1;
end
RTL SCHEMATIC
RTL SCHEMATIC USING

Xilinx
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IMPLEMENTATION OF CAR PARKING

LOT USING FSM MODELLING ON FPGA

one or more of the inputs.

Requires more no states.

FSM using Verilog

FSM code should have three sections:

Combinational Part (Next State Logic and output Logic).

Sequential Part (State Registers).

FSM Using Verilog

parameter [1:0] S0 = 2b00;

parameter [1:0] S1 = 2b01;

parameter [1:0] S2 = 2b10;

parameter [1:0] S3 = 2b11;

One hot Encoding:

Gray Encoding (Only 1-bit should change from

Xilinx project Navigator

Project Navigator is a graphical interface for users to

PROCESS INVOLVED DURING EXIT

Steps involved in devolopment of software

output [3:0] count

reg [3:0] state , next_state;

always @ (posedge clk)begin

RTL SCHEMATIC USING

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