1

Muhammad Abbas Jadoon

A hydraulic jump is formed in a channel

whenever supercritical flow changes to subcritical
flow. At the jump location, there is a sharp
discontinuity
in
the
water
surface
and
considerable amount of energy is dissipated due
to turbulence.

 To simplify the derivation, we will consider

a
rectangular, horizontal channel.
The length of the jump is usually short, the
losses due to shear at the channel bottom
and sides are small as compared to the
pressure forces and may be neglected
since the channel is horizontal, the
component of the weight of water in the
downstream direction is zero.
5

Therefore, referring to Fig. below, specific force, Fs, at

section 1 is equal to that at section 2, i.e.,

As

Putting equation A into 1

Re-arrange the term

For a rectangular channel, A = By and z = 0.5y. By substituting

these relationships into Eq. 3 and simplifying, we obtain:

As

Putting Eq. B in Eq. 4 and simplify

As Froude No:

Putting Eq. C in Eq. 6 and Eq.

Becomes

Now multiplying by 4 on both side and add one on

both sides

Putting Eq. D in Eq 9 and

become
Taking Square root on both sides

This Equation Specifies a relationship between the depth of upward &

downward stream of the jump in term of Fr1.
Where
Y1= Flow depth at upward stream ,
downward stream

Y2= Flow depth at

10

Problem 2.14
The discharge in a 20-m wide, rectangular, horizontal channel is 80 m3/s
= 1.294
at a flow depth of 0.5 m upstream of
a hydraulic jump. Determine the
flow depth downstream of the jump and the head losses in the jump.
Given:
Q = 80 m3/s
B = 20 m;
Y1 = 0.5m.
Determine:
Y2 =?
Head losses in the jump = ?
Solution:
V1 = Q/ By1
Now

Fr1 = v/ gy1

= 80 / 9.80x0.5

= 3.61

= 80 / (20x0.5)

= 8 m/s

11

Depth downstream of
jump

= 2.31 m
Head loss in the jump

= 1.294
12

Problem 2.17
The flow depth in an 8-m wide rectangular channel upstream of a 0.15m
sudden drop is 2 m and the flow velocity is 3 m/s. Assuming no head
losses, compute the flow depth downstream of the drop.
Given:
B=8 m
y1 = 2 m
z = 0.15 m
V= 3m/s
No head losses at the transition.
Determine:
Y2 =?
Solution:
As we know

Q = V1 x B x y1

= 3x8x2

=48
13

Energy Equation:
E1 + z = E2

14

15