Wireless energy transfer

Chandana.ks & Harish

E & c department
Govt.SKSJTI, Bangaluru-01
Introduction
•Wireless energy
transfer or
wireless power
transmission
[WiTricity]
•where we use
this?
•Efficiency
concerns.
Nikola Tesla-
Father of Wireless
 1856-1943
 Innovations:
 Alternating
current
 Wireless power
transmission
experiments at
Wardenclyffe
Wardenclyffe
 1899
 Able to light
lamps over 25
miles away
without using
wires
 High frequency
current, of a
Tesla coil,
could light
lamps filled
with gas (like
neon)
The forgotten invention is reborn in 2007

*2007: A physics research group, led by

Prof. Marin Soljačić, at MIT
2009: Texas Instruments releases the
first device
•2010: Haier Group debuts the world's
first completely wireless LCD television
at CES based on Prof. Marin Soljacic's
follow-up research on wireless energy
transfer and Wireless Home Digital
Interface (WHDI).
TECHNIQUES OF ENERGY TRANSFER

1. Near field techniques:

A. Induction technique ( Inductive coupling)
B. Electrodynamic induction technique
(resonant energy transfer)
C. Electrostatic induction technique
(Capacitive coupling)

2. Far field techniques:

A. Radio and microwave (Microwave power
transmission)technique
B. Laser
 1. Near field techniques:

 Near field energy itself is non radiative, but some radiative losses will
occur. In addition there are usually resistive losses.
 Near field transfer is usually magnetic (inductive), but electric
(capacitive) energy transfer can also occur.
A. Induction technique ( Inductive coupling):

Working Principle- mutual induction.

EX: Battery chargers for mobile
phone, transformers on the street,
Induction cookers and many
electric toothbrushes are also
powered by this technique.
 The main drawback to induction,
however, is the short range. The
receiver must be very close to the
transmitter or induction unit in
order to inductively couple with it.
B.Electrodynamic induction
technique (resonant energy transfer):

 working principle- resonant

coupling
Ex: powering contactless
smartcards, and systems exist to
power and recharge laptops and cell
phones
C. Electrostatic induction technique (Capacitive coupling)

working Principle- capacitive

coupling
Ex: Tesla’s wireless bulb
2.Far field techniques:
Means for long conductors of
electricity forming part of an
electric circuit and electrically
connecting said ionized beam to an
electric circuit.
Far field methods achieve longer
ranges, often multiple kilometer
ranges.
The maximum directivity for
antennas is physically limited by
diffraction.
A. Radio and microwave (Microwave
power transmission)technique

Working principle- microwave

.
transmission
A blockdiagram of the
demonstration components is
shown.
The primary components include
a microwave source, a transmitting
antenna, and a receiving rectenna.
Diagram showing the transmitting &
receiving circuit For the transmission
& reception of electric power by
wireless
Two optical forms of wireless
antennae formed of search light
beam- ionised atmospheric streams
5,000 MW Receiving
Station (Rectenna). This
station is about a mile and
a half long.
 Drawbacks-Power beaming by microwaves has the
difficulty that for most space applications the required
aperture sizes are very large due to diffraction limiting
antenna directionality.
For earthbound applications a large area 10 km diameter
receiving array allows large total power levels to be used
while operating at the low power density suggested for
human electromagnetic exposure safety.
A human safe power density of 1 mW/cm2 distributed
across a 10 km diameter area corresponds to 750
megawatts total power level. This is the power level
found in many modern electric power plants.
B. Laser

Working
principle- power
beaming

Because the power

is beamed at a
receiver that can
convert it to usable
electrical energy.
 CONTINUED….
Collimated monochromatic
wavefront propagation
Ability to operate with zero
radio-frequency interference
no authentication before
transferring energy.
the laser. power can only drive
the motion of an arm and fingers.
For robots.
laser-based transfer of energy
especially for space and lunar
missions.
Advantages
eliminate the need for an
inefficient, costly, and capital
intensive grid of cables,
towers, and substations.
can be economically
transmitted without wires to
any terrestrial distance
Transmission Integrity and
Low Loss
Drawbacks
Biological Impact:- frequency is very biologically
compatible.
Economic Impact:- The concept looks to be costly
initially.
Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is moderately
inefficient . With 40%to50% efficiency.
Atmospheric absorption causes losses
How safe is wirticity?
WiTricity coupling resonance' is safe for humans. If
guidelines from ICNIRP are followed.
But If radio waves & fluctuating magnetic field transmit heat
to our cells, they can damage tissue over a long period of
time. in the same way that radiation from cellphones does.
the magnetic fields tend to interact very weakly with the
biological tissues of the body provided the exposure is
below the thresholds .
The matter is still open to debate
Speaking of kids, wireless energy could help to make the
household a safer place
Future of witricity

 Imagine electric cars, laptops, digital camera's getting

self charged! Wow!
 health issues
 currently flared away to produce electricity locally and
then beam it by satellite to other countries' receivers
attached to local power grids.
 However, the future certainly seems bright and
interesting! So, think positive and hope for the best!
To conclude
The transmission of power without wires is not a
theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality.
have tremendous merits like high transmission
integrity and Low Loss (90 – 97% efficient)
can be transmitted to any where in the globe
eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital
intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations
It has negligible demerits like reactive power which
was found insignificant and biologically compatible.
Many countries will benefit from this service.
From where did we get this idea???
Thomas F. Valone, “ Tesla’s Wireless Energy... For the
21stCentury!!! One Step Beyond Direct TV!!!” Extra Ordinary
Technology, 1, no. 4, Oct / Nov / Dec 2003.
Joe T. Howell, et. al , “Advanced receiver / converter experiments
for laser wireless power transmission”5th. Wireless transmission
conference, pp 1-8, Garanda, Spain,2004.
van Vlaenderen, Koen J., "A Generalization of Classical
Electrodynamics for the Prediction of Scalar Field Effects,"
Institute for Basic Research, 2008
The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires,"
''Electrical World'', March 5, 1904". 21st Century Books. 1904-03-
05. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
For any further clarifications
Chandana.ks2010@gmail.com
Hareesh Ph:9480081303
Thanking you