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CHAPTER FOCUS
SECTION 1 Growth of Imperialism
SECTION 2 Africa
SECTION 3 Asia
SECTION 4 Latin America
SECTION 5 Effects of Imperialism
CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
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Overview
Chapter 36 examines the rise of global
imperialism during the late 1800s and early
1900s.
Section 1 analyzes the economic,
religious, and political motivations of
imperialism.
Section 2 describes European
colonization of Africa.
Section 3 discusses imperialism in
Asian countries.
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the information.
Overview (cont.)
Section 4 explores U.S. intervention in
Latin America.
Section 5 discusses the effects of
imperialism.
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
cite causes for the rise of imperialism.
discuss the division of Africa by European
powers.
describe how Asian countries were
affected by imperialism.
explain U.S. involvement in Latin America.
Read to Discover
What caused the move toward
imperialism
How Great Britain and other European
powers established colonies in Africa
How Asian countries were affected by
imperialism
Why the United States became involved
in Latin America
What the effects of imperialism were
Terms to Learn
imperialism
protectorate
People to Know
Leopold II
Cecil Rhodes
Matthew Perry
Places to Locate
Suez Canal
Indochina
Panama Canal
Growth of Imperialism
There were many reasons for the rise of
imperialism, or the policy of setting up
colonies and building empires.
One reason was the Industrial Revolution,
as needs for raw materials, a growing
demand for tea, sugar, and cocoa, and a
need for new markets for products
developed.
Another reason for imperialism was
nationalism.
Many people thought colonies would add to
their countrys power.
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the information. Section 1 begins on page 579 of your textbook.
Section Assessment
How did the Industrial
Revolution lead to imperialism?
Africa
Before 1870, European powers had few
holdings in Africa.
Before long, however, most of Africa
belonged to European countries.
Section Assessment
Why did many Boers leave the
Cape Colony?
Asia
The British and the Dutch started trading
with Asia in the 1600s, but when Chinese
and Japanese rulers allowed only limited
contact with the West, western European
countries turned to India.
India
By the middle 1700s, the Mogul Empire of
India was breaking up, allowing Great
Britain and France to set up trading stations
along the Indian coast.
The British East India Company stayed in
power for almost 100 years and brought
many changes to India.
Many Indians felt the British were trying to
change their culture.
India (cont.)
In 1857, the sepoys, or Indian soldiers in
the British army, mutinied.
The Sepoy Mutiny failed, but the British
government realized the need for change
and took control of India.
China
From the early 1500s, all trade between
China and the West was limited to the city
of Guangzhou.
The Chinese followed their way of life until
the 1800s and the coming of the Industrial
Revolution.
British traders discovered they could
make large profits selling opium, a drug
made from the dried juice of certain
poppies, to the Chinese.
Realizing its harm, the Chinese
government declared the trade illegal.
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China (cont.)
When a government official in Guangzhou
seized and publicly burned a large shipment
of opium, the Opium War broke out between
the British and the Chinese.
The Chinese were defeated and forced to
sign a treaty that opened more ports, gave
Hong Kong to Great Britain, and gave
British citizens in China the right of
extraterritoriality, meaning if British
citizens were accused of breaking Chinese
laws, they could only be tried in British
courts.
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China (cont.)
China lost even more power in 1894 when
Japan and China went to war over Korea.
The Japanese won easily and took Chinese
territory.
The American government asked countries
to approve the Open Door policy, giving
everyone equal trading rights in China.
The Chinese began a movement, called the
Boxer Rebellion because it had been started
by a Chinese secret society called Boxers, to
drive all foreigners from their country.
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Japan
Like China, Japan allowed only limited trade
with the West at first.
In 1853, the American government sent a
naval force under Commodore Matthew
Perry to Japan.
Japanese leaders felt Japan must
modernize.
By the end of the 1800s, Japan was fully
industrialized, and its population was
growing rapidly.
The Japanese began a program of
imperialism.
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Section Assessment
Why did the Japanese start a
program of imperialism?
Latin America
The imperialist powers were also interested
in Latin America countries.
In 1823, President James Monroe issued
the Monroe Doctrine, stating that any
attempt to gain colonies in Latin America
would be considered an unfriendly act
toward the United States.
The French made Prince Maximilian of
Austria the emperor of Mexico.
By the late 1800s, Spain had colonies in
Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the Cubans
revolted in 1868 and again in 1895.
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the information. Section 4 begins on page 591 of your textbook.
Section Assessment
Why did President Monroe issue
the Monroe Doctrine?
Effects of Imperialism
By 1914, European colonial powers, Japan,
and the United States had brought about 85
percent of the world under their control.
Orderly governments, industry,
agriculture, and transportation were
established.
Western ideas about democracy and
individual rights spread.
Imperialism also brought bitter feelings
between colonists and colonizers.
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the information. Section 5 begins on page 593 of your textbook.
Section Assessment
What percent of the world was
colonized by 1914?
(cont.)
(cont.)
(cont.)
Critical Thinking
Do you think nations would be as
interested or less interested today
in gaining control of the Suez
Canal? Why?
Answers will vary, but countries might
be less interested because of other
means of transportation.
Critical Thinking
If you had lived in the United States
in 1823, how would you have felt
about the Monroe Doctrine?
Explain your answer.
Critical Thinking
Do you think attitudes about
imperialism have changed from the
1800s to today? Explain.
Geography in History
Human/Environmental Interaction
Changes took place in nations when
colonial powers took them over. What
specific changes in the growing of
crops took place in India and China
when they were colonized? Draw a
poster showing how the growing of
typical crops likely changed.
an increase in opium and resulting
conflicts, and other crops grown to
meet foreign demand
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the answer.
1839
Opium War
breaks out in
China
1857
Sepoy Mutiny
in India
1910
1869
Suez Canal
opens
1903
U.S. begins
work on
Panama
Canal
Union of
South Africa
is formed
Liliuokalani
1838-1917
Hawaiian Queen
Born in Honolulu, Liliuokalani came to
power in 1891. She tried to restore the
power of the monarchy, which had
been weakened by the mostly
American sugar planters, but was
forced to step down in 1895.
Migration
Many Chinese sought escape from the
turmoil caused by the Opium Wars.
The 1848 discovery of gold in
California triggered a flood of Chinese
migrants to the Gam Saan, or Gold
Mountain, of America. By 1870, about
63,000 Chinese had migrated to the
United States.
Trekking
The Boers called their northward
migration the Great Trek. The word
trek comes from Afrikaans, the Dutchbased language spoken by the Boers,
and means to pull a wagon or to
migrate. Today adventurers use the
term trek for any ambitious journey,
particularly one into the mountains.