PPT

Appraising Analogical Arguments
People are not Always

Reasonable
Beliefs are not always reasonable
Thinking is not always reasonable
The mind is not always reasonable
Social influence is not always reasonable
Analogical arguments are inductive arguments whose conclusion

follows from the premises with some degree of probability.
The conclusion of an analogical argument does not follow with

necessity. If the conclusion were to follow with certainty, the socalled analogy would not be analogous but would be a description
equivalent to the original circumstances.
There are several factors which affect the probability of analogical

arguments as better or worse.
The recognition of the presence or absence of these factors affect

the appraisal of the argument in a qualitative rather than a
quantitative manner.
1. The number of entities, situations,

or occasions
Example:
If my past experience
with shoes of a certain kind is
limited to only one pair that I wore
and like, there is no assurance that
I will like my second pair.
2. The number of respects, properties, or

attributes in which the entities are analogous
Examples:
Perhaps the shoes were of the same

style, had the same price, were made of the
same sort of leather. All the respects in which
the instance in the premises are like one
another, and also like the instance in the
conclusion will have that further attribute at
which the argument is aimed- giving great
satisfaction.
3. Strength of the conclusionrelative to the

premises, or the claim that the conclusion makes
Example:
My friend bought a
computer with a battery life of 10
hours, I may infer that if I buy the
same model, the battery life of it
will be 8 hours. Conclusion is
modest, therefore probable.
4. Absence of the number of disanalogiesor points

of difference between the entities in data base with
respect to the conclusion entity.
Disanalogy
is a point of difference, a
respect in which the case we are
reasoning about in our conclusion is
distinguishable from which the
argument is based.
5. The more dissimilar the entities in

the data base, the stronger or more
probable the argument.
Example: If my previous purchases of

shoes are from online shopping and
mall, and had been made in California
and New York, I may be confident that
its the shoes itself that gives the
satisfaction, not the sellers.

Disanalogy
is a point of difference, a
respect in which the case we are
reasoning about in our conclusion is
distinguishable from which the
argument is based.
6. The respects or attributesare

relevant to the entities or situations.
Example:
Packaging of the same

leather bags will have no bearing
with the quality. Manufacturer
will.
Lenovo,
Samsung, LG, and iPhone

have EBOOK READER, TRACKER, &
CALCULATOR
Lenovo, Samsung, and LG have the
features of USER INTERFACE
CUSTOMIZABILTY
Therefore, iPhone is also capable for USER INTERFACE
CUSTOMIZABILTY
1. The number of entities, situations,

or occasions
The
greater the number,

the stronger the
argument.
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY
2. The number of respects, properties, or

attributes in which the entities are analogous
The
more dissimilar, the stronger

the argument.
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY
3. Strength of the conclusionrelative to the

premises, or the claim that the conclusion makes
The
more modest the claim in the

conclusion, the stronger the
argument.
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY

The
fewer disanalogies and their

less importance, the stronger the
argument
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY
5. The more dissimilar the entities in the data base,

the stronger or more probable the argument.
The
more dissimilar, the

stronger the argument.
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY
6. The respects or attributesare

relevant to the entities or situations.
The
closer the relevance is to a

causal connection, the stronger
the argument
Lenovo,

CALCULATOR
CUSTOMIZABILTY
CUSTOMIZABILTY

PPT

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

PPT

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Appraising Analogical Arguments

People are not Always

Analogical arguments are inductive arguments whose conclusion

The conclusion of an analogical argument does not follow with

There are several factors which affect the probability of analogical

The recognition of the presence or absence of these factors affect

1. The number of entities, situations,

2. The number of respects, properties, or

Perhaps the shoes were of the same

3. Strength of the conclusionrelative to the

4. Absence of the number of disanalogiesor points

5. The more dissimilar the entities in

Example: If my previous purchases of

4. Absence of the number of disanalogiesor points

6. The respects or attributesare

Packaging of the same

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

1. The number of entities, situations,

greater the number,

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

2. The number of respects, properties, or

more dissimilar, the stronger

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

3. Strength of the conclusionrelative to the

more modest the claim in the

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

4. Absence of the number of disanalogiesor points

fewer disanalogies and their

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

5. The more dissimilar the entities in the data base,

more dissimilar, the

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

6. The respects or attributesare

closer the relevance is to a

Samsung, LG, and iPhone

Potrebbero piacerti anche