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When the reservoir and/or storage are sufficiently higher than the
supplied area.
Water will flow in mains using gravity which pumping system will not
be required.
Types of Storage
Ferrocement tank
Water Meter
Measure and record the amount of water used.
Building Main
Is the large pipe that carries water to the risers.
The building main is run (located) in the basement, ceiling,
crawl space or below the concrete floor slab.
Riser
Is a water supply pipe that extends vertically in the building.
Carries water to fixture branches.
It is connected to the building main.
Fixture Branch
Supply the individual plumbing fixtures.
The water supply pipe that runs from the riser or main
to the fixture being connection.
Fixture branch is usually run (located) in the floor or in
the wall behind the fixtures.
Fixture Connection
A fixture connection runs from the fixture branch to the
fixture.
A shut-off valve is located in the hot and cold water
supply at the fixture connection
Plumbing
Is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixture
& other components for transferring water and
other liquids from a source to its consumers.
Plumbing came from Latin word Plumbum which
means Lead.
It refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed
in a building for the distribution of potable water
and the removal wastes.
Plumbing Cycle
Upfeed (upflow)
in low buildings, cold watercan be distributed by
the up-feed method .
in which at each story plumbingfixtures are served by
branch pipes connected to risers that carry water
upwardunder pressure from the water source.
If the water source pressure isnot sufficient to provide
adequate water pressure a pump upfeed distribution
system is used.
Upfeed (upflow)
Downfeed (Downflow)
In buildings that cannot be adequately serviced by
an upfeed system, water is pumped to elevated
storage tanks and the water is fed down into the
building by gravity.
This gravity system, fed from the upper stories to
the lower is called a downfeed distribution system
Downfeed (Downflow)
Disadvantages
If cold mains fail there wont be any emergency backup
supply.
Cannot always supply cold water as the mains water
pressure is low (in peak hour).
More system noice as water is under high pressure.
Disadvantages:
Longer Pipe runs are required
A larger storage cistern is necessary
Fresh drinking water is only available at the kitchen sink (or
single point)
Rigid Pipe
Plumbing manifold