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Critical Thinking
Hafni Bachtiar
Presentation outline
Why teaching Critical Thinking and
Problem Solving is important
Nature of Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving
Characteristics of an effective Critical
Thinker
Challenges to teaching Critical Thinking
:Critical Thinking is
interpreting, analyzing or evaluating information, . 1
arguments or experiences with a set of reflective
attitudes, skills, and abilities
2. reasonable reflective thinking that is focused on
deciding what to do and what to believe OR to guide
our thoughts, beliefs and actions
3. examining the thinking of others to improve our own
Elements of Critical
Thinking
1. Observation:
From
a
series
of
observations, we can come to establish:
2. Facts: From a series of facts, or an
absence of facts, we make:
3. Inferences: Testing the validity of our
inferences, we make :
4. Assumptions: From our assumptions, we
form our
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How to teach
?
Critical Thinking
Use analogies
Promote interaction among students
Ask open-ended questions
Allow sufficient time for reflection
Teach students to apply knowledge to
other domains
Use real-life problems
Allow thinking practice
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Developing Creativity
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Problem Solving
is a mental process whereby an
individual utilizes his/her previous
knowledge and experience to respond
to the requirements of an unfamiliar
situation. The response should seek
out the conflict or ambiguity of the
situation.
Activity
What are the steps to solving problems?
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Student fear
Impulsiveness
Overdependence on the teacher
Missing the meaning
Inflexibility
Lack of confidence
Dogmatic, assertive behavior
Inability to concentrate
Unwillingness to think
Teachers roles
change participation practices
gradually: start with brief, focused
activities, then later proceed to
longer or more complex ones
model thoughtfulness, creativity &
socio-cultural awareness in own
behaviour; give examples of these
encourage active participation &
relevant uses of English; recognize
thoughtful & creative contributions
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