SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Systems of Equations(Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 874-904)

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE

Week 6
Day 1

At the end of the chapter the students are

expected to:
Solve systems of equations in two variables with
the substitution method and the elimination
method.
Graph systems of linear equations.
Understand that systems of linear equations may
have one solution, no solution, or infinitely many
solutions.
Solve systems of equations in three variables
employing combination of the elimination and
substitution methods.

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN

TWO VARIABLES

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 6
Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To solve systems of linear equations in two variables
using the substitution method.
To solve systems of linear equations in two variables
using the elimination method.
To solve systems of linear equations in two variables
by graphing.
Understand that a system of linear equations has
either one solution, no solution or infinitely many
solution.

DEFINITION

Week 6
Day 1

SYSTEMS OF
AEQUATIONS
system of equations is a set of equations that
involve the same variables. To solve a system of
equations means to find the solution that satisfies
both equations.
Example:

2x y 5

x 4y 7

x 2y 6

3x y 11

Solutions are given as an ordered pair of the form (x,y)

.

Example:

Week 6
Day 1

x 2y 6

3x y 11

ALGEBRAIC
SOLUTION

GRAPHICAL

4,1

x 4 andy 1
y

Equation
2
3x y 11
3 4 1 11

INTERPRETATION

x 4andy 1satisfy
bothequations

6
x+
6 2y=

3xy=1
1

Check

Equation
1
x 2y 6
4 2 1 6

-4

Thepoint 4,1 lie onbothlines

Week 6
Day 1
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF
LINEAR EQUATIONS
SPECIAL NAME

NUMBER OF
SOLUTIONS

GRAPHICAL
INTERPRETATION
y
6

1. Independent
System

One solution

-4

Lines have different slopes.

Week 6
Day 1OF
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS
LINEAR EQUATIONS
SPECIAL NAME

NUMBER OF
SOLUTIONS

GRAPHICAL
INTERPRETATION
y
6

2. Inconsistent
System

No solution
x

-4

Lines are parallel (same slopes and different y - intercepts.)

Week 6
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS
Day 1OF
LINEAR EQUATIONS
SPECIAL NAME

NUMBER OF
SOLUTIONS

GRAPHICAL
INTERPRETATION
y
6

3. Dependent
System

Infinitely many
solution
x

-4

Lines coincide (same slopes and same y intercepts).

Week 6
METHODS OF SOLVING SYSTEMS Day 1
OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
Three methods of solving systems of linear
equations:
Algebraic Methods used to find exact solutions.
a. substitution method
b. elimination method
.Graphing Method typically used to give a
visual interpretation and confirmation of the
solution.

SUBSTITUTION
METHOD

Week 6
Day 1

STEPS:
1. Solve one of the equations for one variable in
terms of the other variable.
2. Substitute the expression found in step 1 into the
other equation. The result is an equation in one
variable.
3. Solve the equation obtained in step 2.
4. Back substitute the value found in step 3 onto
the expression found in step 1.
5. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.

1.

Week 6
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS ONE
SOLUTION
x y 4

3x 2y 9

Classroom
Ex.9.1.1page878

2. Determine
thevalues
of asuchthatthefollowing
systemhasonesolution.
x ay 1

x y 1
Classroom
Ex.9.1.1* page878

Week 6
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS NO
SOLUTION

1.

2x 5y 1

6x 15y 0
Classroom
Ex.9.1.2page878

2.Determine
thevalues
of asuchthatthefollowing
system
hasonesolution.
11x 2y a

33x 6y 9
Classroom
Ex.9.1.2* page878

Week 6
DETERMINING BY SUBSTITUTION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS INFINITE
SOLUTION

1.

4y x 3

2x 8y 6
Classroom
Ex.9.1.3page879

2.Determine
thevalues
of asuchthatthefollowing
system
hasonesolution.
2x 5y 1

ay 5 10x

Classroom
Ex.9.1.3* page879

ELIMINATION
METHOD

Week 6
Day 1

STEPS:
1. Multiply the coefficients of one or both of the
equations so that one of the variables will be
eliminated when two equations are added.
2. Eliminate one of the variables by adding the
expression found in Step 1 to the other equation.
The result is an equation in one variable.
3. Solve the equation obtained in Step 2.
4. Back substitute the value found in Step 3 into
either of the original equation.
5. Check that the solution satisfies both equations.

Week 6
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS ONE
SOLUTION

1.

2x y 5

4x y 11
Example#4page880

x y 4
3.

3x 2y 9
ClassroomE
x.9.1.5page881

2. Solveusingeliminatio
n
x ay 1

x y 1
whereaisanyrealnumber
Classroom
Ex.9.1.4* page880

4.

3x 2y 1

5x 7y 9
Example#6page881

Week 6
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS NO
SOLUTION
1 .Solveusing elimination

2x 5y 1

6x 15y 0
Classroom
Ex. 9.1.7#4page882
2. Solveusingeliminatio
n
x y 7

2x 2y 4
Example#7 page882

Week 6
DETERMINING BY ELIMINATION
Day 1
THAT A SYSTEM HAS INFINITELY
MANY SOLUTION
7x y 2

14x 2y 4

1.

Example#8 page882
2. Applytheeliminatio
nmethod
x 5y 2

-10x 50y 20
YourTurn(b)page883

GRAPHING METHOD

Week 6
Day 1

STEPS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Write the equations in the slope-intercept form.

Graph the lines.
Identify the points of intersection.
Check that the solution satisfies both equations.
OR

1.
2.
3.
4.

Solve for the x and y intercepts.

Graph the lines.
Identify the points of intersection.
Check that the solution satisfies both equations.

Week 6
Day 1
DETERMINING BY GRAPH THAT A SYSTEM
HAS ONE SOLUTION, NO SOLUTION OR
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTION
1. Solvegraphicall
y

x y 4

3x 2y 9
Classroom
Ex. 9.1.9page884

2. Utilizegraphing
tosolvethegivensystem
x 2y 1

2x 4y 20
YourTurn(a)page885

Week 6
Day 1
IDENTIFYING WHICH METHOD TO USE

Given any system of linear equations in two variables, any

of the three
methods ( substitution, elimination, or graphing) can
be utilized.
Elimination is preferred if it is easy to eliminate a
variable by adding
multiples of two equations.
Use substitution if there is no obvious elimination.
EXAMPLE

Use graphing to confirm the solution(s) found using

which
of the
two algebraic methods (elimination or substituti
either
elimination
d beor
the
preferred method to solve each system of linear equ
substitution.
x- 2y 1
x 2y- 1
7x- 20y 1
a.
b.
c.
- x y 2
2x- y 4
5x y 18

Week 6
Day 1
Three types of solutions to systems of linear
equations:
One solution the system is called an independent
system
- the lines formed are intersecting
lines
No solution - the system is called inconsistent
system
- the lines formed are parallel lines
methods
solving systems
of linear
Three
Infinitely
manyofsolutions
the system
is called
equations:
dependent system
Algebraic Methods used to find exact
- the lines formed
solutions.
coincide.
a. substitution method
b. elimination method
.Graphing Method typically used to give a
visual interpretation and confirmation of the
SUMMARY

Week 6
Day 2

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN THREE
VARIABLES

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 6
Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To understand that a graph of linear equation in
three variables correspond to a plane.
To identify three types of solutions: one solution, no
solution or infinitely many solutions.
To solve systems of linear equations in three
variables using the combination of both elimination
method and the substitution method.

DEFINITION

Week 6
Day 2

A linear equation
in three variables
x, y, and z is
SYSTEMS
OF EQUATIONS
IN THREE
given
by
VARIABLES
Ax +By +C = D
where A, B, C, and D re real numbers that are not all
equal to zero.
All three variables have degree equal to one, which
is why this is called equation in three variables .
The graph of any equation in three variables requires
three dimensional coordinate system.
In two variables, the graph of a linear equation is a
line, while in three variables the graph of a linear
equation is a plane which can be thought of as an
infinite sheet of paper.
Solutions are given as an ordered pair of the form
(x,y,z)

Week 6
Day 2
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES
1. Independent - one solution
2. Dependent - infinitely many solutions
3. Inconsistent - no solution

One Solution

Solution

Week 6
Day 2

No Solution

or

Week 6
Day 2

Infinitely Many Solutions

Solution
(line of intersection)

Week 6
Day 2

Week 6
SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
Day 2 IN
THREE VARIABLES USING ELIMINATION AND
SUBSTITUTION
STEPS

uce the system of three equations in three variables to two

uations in two (of the same) variables by applying eliminatio
e the resulting system of two linear equations in two variable
applying elimination or substitution.
stitute the solution in Step 2 into any of the original equation
d solve for the third variable.
eck that the solution satisfies all three original equations.

Week 6
Day 2

EXAMPLE

1. Solvethesystem
:
4x 3y 5z 8

x y 3z 3
5x- 3y- 2z -5

Classroom
Ex. 9.2.1page894
2. Solvethegivensystem
:

x y z 0
2x z 1
x y z 2

YourTurnpage896

3. Solvethegivensystem
:
2x y z 4
x y 2
3x 2y z 6

Example
3 page896
4. Solvethegivensystem
:

x 2y z 3
2x y 2z 1
- 2x 4y 2z 5

Example#4 page897

Week 6
Day 2
SOLVING SYSTEMS OF TWO LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES

wo linear equations in three variables will always correspond

two planes in three dimensions.
here are two possibilities
1. No solution if the two planes are parallel
2. Infinitely many solutions if the two planes intersect in a

Week 6
No solution if the two planes are parallelDay 2
z

Week 6
z
Day 2
Infinitely many solutions if the two planes
intersect in a line.
solution

Week 6
Day 2
EXAMPLE

1. Solvethesystem
:
x y z 7

x y 2z 2
Example
#5 page898

2. Solvethegivensystem
:

2x-b y 1
by z 0

ClassroomEx.9.2.5 page898

SUMMARY

Week 6
Day 2

Graphs of linear equations in two variables are lines,

whereas graphs of linear equations in three
variables are planes.
Systems of linear equations in three variables have
one of the three outcomes:
1. One solution (point)
2. No solution (no intersection of all three planes)
3. Infinitely many solutions (planes intersect
along a line)
.When the solution to a system of three
linear equations is a line in three dimensions,
we use parametric representations to express

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 6
Day 3

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
To solve systems of nonlinear equations.
To solve application problems involving systems of
equations in two and in three variables.

Week 6
Day 3
QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES

ost general form of a quadratic equation in the variables x a

Ax2 Bxy Cy2 Dx Ey 0 whereA,B...F R
Notallthetermsmaybepresent,
however,
butatleastx2 ,y2 or the xy
termmustbepresenttohaveaquadratic
equation

raphs of these equations are circles and the conic sections w

be discussed in analytic geometry.

Week 6
QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES
Day 3
One Linear, One Quadratic

2. Two Quadratics

Solvethesystem
:

Solvethesystem
:

4x2 9xy 2y2 8x 15y 3 0

2x 5y 1

5x2 4y2 11

8x2 12y2 5

Quadratics, all terms containing the variable are of second d

Solvethesystem
:
x2 5xy y2 7

x2 3xy 2y2 4
College Algebra Revised edition, Catalina D. Mijares page 241-250

Week 6
QUADRATIC SYSTEMS IN TWO VARIABLES
Day 3

Symmetric Quadratic Equation

Solvethesystem
:
x2 y2 4

xy x y 2

her types which does not fall on the previous types.

Solvethesystem
:
x2 y2 18x 4y 35 0

x2 y2 2x 6y 15 0
College Algebra Revised edition, Catalina D. Mijares page 241-250

Week 6
Day 3

APPLICATION INVOLVING SYSTEMS

OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Week 6 Day 3 Application Involving Systems of Linear Equations (Algebra

and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 886-891 and 899-904).

RECALL

Start

Read and analyze

the problem
Make a diagram or
sketch if possible

Solve the equation

Determine the
unknown quantity.

Check the solution

Set up an equation,
assign variables to
represent what you
are asked to find.

no

Did you set up

the equation?

Week 6
Day 3

no
yes

Is the unknown
solved?

yes
End

APPLICATION

Week 6
Day 3

1. Upon graduation with a degree of management

information systems(MIS), you decide to work for a
company that buys data from the states department
of motor vehicles and sells to banks and car
dealerships customized reports detailing how many
cars at each dealership are financed through
particular banks. Autocount Corporation offers you a
$15,000 base salary and a 10% commission on your
total annual sales. Polk Corporation offers you a base
salary of $30,000 plus a 5% commission on your total
annual sales. How many total sales would you have to
make per year to make more money at Autocount? (#
59 page 890)

APPLICATION

Week 6
Day 3

2. A mechanic has 340 gallons of gasoline and 10

gallons of oil to make gas/oil mixtures. He wants one
mixture to be 4% oil and the other mixture to be 2.5%
oil. If he wants to use all of the gas and oil, how many
gallons of gas and oil are in each of the resulting
mixtures? (# 58 page 890)
3. A direct flight on Delta Airlines from Atlanta to Paris
is 4000 miles and takes approximately 8 hours going
East (Atlanta to Paris) and 10 hours going West ( Paris
to Atlanta). Although the plane averages the same
airspeed, there is a headwind while traveling west
and a tailwind while travelling east resulting in
different airspeeds. What is the average airspeed of
the plane and what is the average wind speed ? (#
63 page 890)

Week 6
Day 3

APPLICATION

Suppose youre going to eat only Subway

sandwiches for a week (7 days) for lunch and dinner
(total o0f 14 meals).
Sandwich

Calories

Fat (grams)

Mediterranean Chicken

350

18

Six Inch Tuna Roast Beef

430

19

Six In

290

www.subway.com

4. Your goal is a total of 4840 calories and 190

grams of fat. How many of each sandwich would you
eat that week to obtain this goal? ( #33 page 901)

APPLICATION

Week 6
Day 3

5. Tara and Lamar decide to place $20,000 of their

savings into investments. They put some in a money
market account earning 3% interest, some in a mutual
fund that has been averaging 7% a year, and some in
a stock that rose 10% last year. If they put $6,000
more in the money market than in the mutual fund
and the mutual fund and stocks have the same
growth in the next year as they did in the previous
year , they will earn $1,180 in a year. How much
money did they put in each of the three investments?
(# 39 page 902)