DESIGN OF A BALANCED CALNTILEVER BRIDGE

Advantage of Balanced Cantilever Bridge:

1. Advantage of continuity
2.Reduction in moments
3.Not affected by settlement of supports
Arrangement of Support:
L/2 L/4

x+2y

L/4

L/2

X/Y=4 to 5

L/4

x+2y

L/4 L/2

Railing Post Design:

If we design this railing post, as a
cantilever beam or as a column,
then the required reinforcement is
too small.

100*5=500lb
150*5=750lb

1.5ft
300*5=1500lb

As per ACI code:

-Least size of the post= 5x5
-Longitudinal bar=4 #5(12mm) dia bar at four corners
-Tie bars = #3(10mm) dia bar @ 10 c/c
As per RHD suggestion:
- Size of the post= 8x8
-Longitudinal bar=4 nos 1 (25 mm) dia bar at four corners
-Tie bars = #3(10mm) dia bar @ 10 c/c

1.5ft

Slab design:
t

6
6

6.25
14

Clear Span= 6.25-14/12=5.083

Specification:
-Length of Bridge=285.75 ft
-Width of girder =14
-c/c spacing of girder = 6.25 ft
-Clear span= 6.25-14/12=5.083
- Effective span, S = 5.083- 2(1/3*6/12)=4.75 ft
A. Load calculation:
a) Dead load= Self wt. Of slab + wearing course
= 6.5/12*150 + 3/12*120=111.2 Plf
Assume slab thickness=6.5
b) Live Load= H20 S16

B. Moment calculation:
a) Dead load Moment= W *S2/10=
=

#-ft

b) Live Load Moment = 0.8*(S+2)/32*P20=

Due to Continuous support, 0.8
(Reinforcement perpendicular to the traffic)
c) Impact factor = 50/(S+125) 0.3
=50/(4.75+125)=0.38
Use I.F.=0.3

#-ft

Moment chart:
DLM
251

LLM
2700

IM
810

C. Depth Calculation:
Required Deth, d req=
t req = 4.2

M/Rb = 4.2

+1 +0.5*(6/8) = 5.58

Check with provided thickness, tpro > t req

Total
3761

D. Steel Calculation:
1. Main Steel perpendicular to traffic, As= M/fs*j*d
=
/ fs*j*d
= 0.414 in2
Use 6/8 bar @ 11 c/c
Here, d= tpro -1 - 0.5*(6/8)
2. Distribution Steel (Parallel to traffic) :
220
Percentage=

67%
S
= 220/ 4.75 =100.9% >67%
So, Distribution steel=0.67*As=0.67*0.414=0.277 in2
Use 5/8 bar @ 11 c/c

Calculation of Girder Profile:

y2=c1*x
100.91

101.11

1% Gradient
101.43

100

d/2

y2=c2*x

94.8

L/2
56.15

d/2

L/4
28.575

90.71

y2=c3*x

96.23

L
114.3

L/4
28.575

285.75
142.875

d= L/10 to L/12 Using, davg=L/11=114.3/11=10.4

L/2
56.15

A. For parabola (Upper Portion) :

1% Gradient
y2=c1*x
100.91

101.43

101.11

100

d/2

y2=c2*x

d/2

94.8

L/2
56.15

L/4
28.575

90.71

y2=c1x,

L
114.3

L/4
28.575

Here,

c1=x/y2

y=101.42875-100=1.42875

=1.432/142.875
=0.0142875

y2=c3*x

96.23

x=142.875
For
x=57.15,

y=0.904

x=85.725,

y=1.1067

x=142.875,

y=1.42875

L/2

B. For parabola (Lower portion) :

1% Gradient
y2=c1*x
100.91

101.11

101.43

100

d/2

y2=c2*x

94.8

L/2
56.15

d/2

L/4
28.575

90.71

y2=c2x, c2=y2/x
=4.092/85.725

y2=c3*x

96.23

L
114.3

Here, y=94.8-90.71=4.09
x=57.15+28.575=85.725

=0.1951
For,
x=28.575,

L/4
28.575

y=2.36

L/2

C. For parabola (lower portion at mid span) :

y2=c1*x
100.91

1% Gradient
101.43

101.11

100

d/2

y2=c2*x

d/2

94.8

L/2
56.15

L/4
28.575

90.71

y2=c3*x

96.23

L
114.3

y2=c3x,

Here,

c3=y2/x

y=96.23-90.71=5.52

=5.522/57.15
=0.533

L/4
28.575

x=114.3/2=57.15

For,
x=57.15,

y=5.52

L/2

Interior Girder of Suspended Span :

100

100.64

100.91

5.2
94.4

7.84
94.05

57.15

93.07

Dead load Calculation:

1. UDL:
Slab= (6.5/12)*6.25*0.15=0.508 k/ft
Wearing course= (3/12)*6.25*0.15=0.156 k/ft
Fillet= 2*(1/2)*(6*6)/144)*0.15=0.0.038 k/ft
Girder= (14/12)*5.2*0.15=0.9748 k/ft
Total= 1.677 k/ft

47.92 k

1.677 k/ft

47.92 k
57.15

5.2

14

2. Upper Parabolic Dead Load (UPDL):

Girder= 0.91*(14/12)*0.15=0.159 k /ft

0.159 k/ft

() ab=2.27k

57.15

(5/12 )ab=3.79k

3. Lower Parabolic Dead Load (LPDL):

Girder= 1.73*(14/12)*0.15=0.3028 k /ft

0.3028 k/ft

(1/12) ab=1.442k

57.15

(1/4) ab=4.326k

34

4. Concentrated Load (CL):

100.91

100.64
100

5.2

P1

98.4
10

P3

4.7

6.09

6
94.05

3.92

P2

7.84

2
3.92

10

93.07

57.15
P1= [4.7*(10/12)+0.5*(6*6)/144]*6.25*0.15=3.789k
P2= [3.92*(34/12)+3.42*(10/12)+0.5*(6*6)/144]*6.25*0.15=13.20k
P3= [6.09*(10/12)+2*0.5*(6*6)/144]*6.25*0.15=4.875k

P1=3.789k

P3=4.875k

P2=13.20k

P1+P3/2= 6.22k

P2+P3/2= 15.64k

28.575
57.15

Shear & BM due to dead load (at a distance x from left support)
Load
UDL

Shear
47.92-1.677x

UPDL

x1.5
2.27
71.32

LPDL

x3
1.442
129436.82

Conc.DL

2.44

BM
x2
47.92 x 1.667
2

x 2.5
2.27 x
190.187
x4
1.442 x
129436.82

2.44 x, for x 28.575'

2.44 * (57.15 x) for x 28575'

Live Load:
Effective live load = H20 S16

Load factor,
S/5

for

S/5.5

for Smax=14

S/7

Smax=10

for Smax=16

Where, S= c/c spacing of girder

So, Load factor=6.25/5=1.25

H20 S16 loading,

Design of Interior Girder:

Suspended span

Live Load:
Effective Live Load = H20 S16
Load factor,
S/5 for Smax=10
S/5.5 for Smax=14
S/7 for Smax=16
Where, S= c/c spacing of girder
Load factor = 6.25/5=1.25
H20 S16 Loading---

4k

16 k

16 k

14

Modified Loading---

14~30

5k

20 k

20 k

14

14~30

Live Load Shear Calculation:

It is proved that maximum shear occur when wheel 2
is placed in the section
L2/L
1

57.15

L1

3
14 14
L1/L

L2

General equation for LL shear:

Vx=

L2
L* L2

[20L2+20(L2-14)]-

L1
L* L1

[5(L1-14)]

Vx=

L2
L* L2

[20L2+20(L2-14)]-

L1
L* L1

[5(L1-14)]

At L1=0, L2=57.5, V0.0L=V0

57.5
V0.0L =

K
[20*57.5+20(57.15-14)]
-0
=
35.10
57.5* 57.5

At L1=5.715, L2=57.5-5.715, V0.1L=V5.715

51.435
V0.1L = 57.15*51.435 [20*51.435+20 (51.435-14)]5.715
5.715*57.15

[5(5.715-14)]=31.10 k

=0
Here L1<14, [ ] comes -ve value
Impact factor (I.F.) = 50/(125+S)= 50/ (125+57.15)=0.275<0.3

I.F.=0.275

Design Shear Chart:

Span

0.0L
=0
UDL
47.92
UPDL 2.27
LPDL 1.44
Conc. 2.44
DL
Total 54.07
DL
2
LL
35.10
Shear
Impac 9.65
t
Shear
Desig 98.82
n
Shear

0.1L

0.2L

0.3L

0.4L

0.5L

0.6L

0.7L

0.8L

0.9L

0
0.128
0.721
-2.44

1.0L
=57.15
-47.920
-3.788
-4.326
-2.44

-12.373

-58.474

-18.33

-35.1

-5.041

-9.653

-35.744

-103.227

Live Moment Moment Calculation:

It is provided that maximum moment occur when wheel 2
is placed in the section.
ab/L
5k
1 14
a

20 k
2

20 k
14 3
b

General Equation for Live Load Moment (LLM)

ab
ab
Mx
[20b 20(b 14)]
[5(a 14)]
Lb
La

M 0.0 L M 0 0
0.1L
M 0.1L M 5.715
[20 * 0.9 L 20 * (0.9 L 14)] 0
L
a 14, hence ()ve, so this portion is 0
a=5.715, b=51.44
Moment of all other section will be determined in same way.

Design Moment Chart:

100.90
4
100.57 100.63 100.69 100.75100.80100.85
6
7 0.0L
100.492
0.7L 8
0.8L 0.9L
60.5L 9
0.6L
100.40
0.4L
5

100.28
0.3L

100

4
0.2L

0.1L
6

0.0L

5.2

5.625 5.898 6.127 6.36 6.594 6.82 7.059 7.304 7.56 7.83

Steel Calculation:
Maximum Moment at 0.5L=1429.225 k-ft
M1=Rbd2=213.108*14*73.1282*1/12000=1329.57 k-ft
t=79.128, d=79.128-6=73.128
75
6.5

14

Effect flange width:

1)
2)
3)

As= M/fs(d-t/2)

Check T beam
Design beam.