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CARDIOMYOPATHY
is a heart muscle disease associated with cardiac
dysfunctions.

CLASSIFICATIONS:
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Distinguished by significant dilation of

ventricles without simultaneous
hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction.

Ventricles have increased systolic and

diastolic volumes but decreased
ejection fraction.

Chambers dilate and muscle walls

become thinner.

Diminished contractile elements of the

muscle fibers and diffuse necrosis of
myocardial cells. The result is poor
systolic function.

RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Characterized by diastolic dysfunction caused by rigid
ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling and
ventricular stretch. These changes cause the heart to
fill poorly.

May be assoc. with amyloidosis and other infiltrative

diseases.

HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY
-the heart muscle (myocardium)
becomes abnormally thick
(hypertrophied). The thickened heart
muscle can make it harder for the heart
to pump blood. Often, one part becomes
thicker than other parts (asymmetric)
causing blockage to the blood flow.

ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSIS:

Patients medical history
Physical examination (early stage: tachycardia, extra heart sound)
echocardiogram
ECG
chest x-ray
Cardiac catheterization
endomyocardial biopsy

GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

RIGHT HEART:

LEFT HEART:

OUTFLOW TO THE LUNGS:

SHORTNESS OF BREATH (
COUGH

RR)

BACK UP OF THE BLOOD TO THE

BODY

EDEMA

OUTFLOW TO THE BODY:

ANGINA

WEAKNESS / FATIGUE
SYNCOPE / FAINTING
BACK UP OF BLOOD TO THE LUNGS
PULMONARY EDEMA

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

DILATED CM:

JUGULAR VENOUS
PRESSURE DISTENDED
VEINS
S3 HEART SOUND
CARDIOMEGALY - CXR

RESTRICTIVE CM:

JVP
S4 HEART SOUND

HYPERTROPHIC CM:

S4 HEART SOUND
MURMUR (SYSTOLIC
EJECTION MURMUR)
INCREASING WITH
VALSALVA

TREATMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY:
AIMS TO:

1.SLOW PROGRESSION OF THE DAMAGE

2.IMPROVE HEART FUNCTION
3.REDUCE SYMPTOMS
4.TREAT ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS

MANAGEMENT: BACK UP OF BLOOD

DILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHY

RESTRICTIVE
CARDIOMYOPATHY

NA DIET (TO DECREASE FLUID RETENTION)

NA DIET (TO DECREASE FLUID RETENTION)

DIURETICS

DIURETICS

ACE INHIBITORS

ACE INHIBITORS

LIMIT ORAL FLUID INTAKE

LIMIT ORAL FLUID INTAKE

HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY

PUMPING FAILURE
DILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHY

RESTRICTIVE
CARDIOMYOPATHY

HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY

BETA BLOCKERS / CALCIUM CHANNEL

BLOCKERS

PACEMAKERS

BETA BLOCKERS / CALCIUM CHANNEL

BLOCKERS

DIGOXIN

SEPTAL REDUCTION

PACEMAKERS

PACEMAKERS

DECREASED OUTFLOW
DILATED
CARDIOMYOPATHY

RESTRICTIVE
CARDIOMYOPATHY

ACE INHIBITORS

ACE INHIBITORS

HYPERTROPHIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY

Septal Myectomy is a surgical procedure

performed to reduce the muscle thickening that
occurs in patients with hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy (HCM). Septal myectomy is one
treatment option for HCM when symptoms
persist despite optimal treatment with
medications, or if obstruction severely restricts
blood ejection from the heart.

WHAT TESTS ARE NEEDED BEFORE THE SURGERY?

A detailed echocardiogram (echo) provides information about heart

function and septal wall thickness. Specialized echo tests may
include exercise or the use of special drugs and may be needed to
define the severity of obstruction and to assess the mitral valve.

If you do not have an implantable defibrillator or pacemaker,

anMRImay also be obtained to evaluate the mitral valve structure

and function.

Adiagnostic cardiac catheterizationshould be performed.

Routine blood tests, a chest X-ray and an
electrocardiogramwill also be performed.

POST SEPTAL MYECTOMY:

AT A HEART-HEALTHY DIET THAT INCLUDES FOLLOWING A 2,000 MG SODIUM (SALT) DIET
RESTRICT FLUIDS TO 8 CUPS OR LESS PER DAY
QUIT SMOKING AND USING TOBACCO
TREAT HIGH CHOLESTEROL
MANAGE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIABETES
EXERCISE REGULARLY
MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT
WEIGH YOURSELF EVERY DAY AND MONITOR FOR SUDDEN WEIGHT GAIN OF MORE THAN 2 POUNDS IN A DAY OR 5
POUNDS IN A WEEK; CALL YOUR DOCTOR IF THIS OCCURS
CONTROL STRESS AND ANGER
PARTICIPATE IN A CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAM, AS RECOMMENDED
FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR DOCTOR REGULARLY, AS SCHEDULED

THE MOST CHRONIC HEART DISEASE IS

CAUSED BY HAVING GREEDINESS IN YOUR
HEART. GO FOR CHECK UPS REGULARLY AND
LEARN HOW TO SWALLOW THOSE LUMPY PILLS
OF GENEROSITY. BE KIND AND BE HEALTHY.

THANK YOU!