Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Social Exclusion
Lecture 4
Volunteering
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= _8GZjZTZrWA
Please check the resources in Moodle.
Recap Structural
conditions
Which of the following is NOT true
a. Structural conditions are the
consequences of poverty and
inequality
b. Structural conditions are the
broader systems and processes
that affect peoples livelihoods
and well-being compared to
others
c. Structural conditions affect all
people within a given social or
economic order: some benefit,
some are adversely affected
d. Structural conditions include
political, economic and
ideological systems
Please go to:
http://www.socra
tive.com
Log in as student
Room Number:
DVYSWVC9
Responses are
anonymous
Low income
Illiterate
Unhealthy
Uneducated
Gender
Caste
Dependency ratios
Wealth / assets
Depoliticizes poverty
by individualizing the
causes of poverty
The effects of poverty
often presented as
the cause
Simplifies the
complexity of issues
Offer technical
solutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmAo-rvUOe0
Livelihoods in agrarian
Telangana
Individual Characteristics
Low income
Low education
Poor employment prospects
Dalit / scheduled caste
Woman
Social Exclusion
the process through which
individuals or groups are wholly or
partially excluded from the society in
which they live (Hickey and du Toit
2007, 2)
a way of analyzing how and why
individuals and groups fail to have
access or benefit from the
possibilities offered by societies and
economies (quoted in Fischer 2011,
Social exclusion
Useful for understanding social
stratification, marginalization,
discrimination, disadvantage
Although often related to poverty,
people can be socially excluded,
even if they are not poor
Examples of Social
Exclusion
Illegal immigrants excluded from
citizenship and the rights it entails
Examples of Social
Exclusion
Examples of Social
Exclusion
Examples of Social
Exclusion
Exclusion from
economic
opportunities in the
formal economy
Exclusion from
market
opportunities
Examples of Social
Exclusion
Spatial exclusion
Gainers
Material: resource
hoarding (e.g. privileged
access to key
occupations;
monopolization)
Political: Gains through
monopolizing political /
bureaucratic power
Social / cultural: the use
of social prestige to gain
access to power
resources and the
stigmitisation of others;
exclusive social group
formation
Losers
Material: loss of access to
productive resources,
exclusion from key
occupations, distress sale
of assets, economic shocks
Political: restricted access
to civic resources, political
participation, civil rights,
quality education or health
care
Social / cultural: closed
access to resources due to
ascribed identity or
stigmatization, social
isolation
Adverse Incorporation
poverty persists also because of the
disadvantageous ways in which
people are incorporated into
economic and social life in
disadvantageous ways (du Toit and
Neve 2007)
Adverse Incorporation
Recognizes that sometimes it is not
exclusion that is the problem, but the
terms under which people are included
Considers both structure and agency
People may need to accept poor
conditions, even when this is detrimental
in the long term (practical versus
strategic)
Considers unequal power to set and
accept terms of incorporation
Examples of Adverse
Incorporation
Being paid a very
low wage (where a
large proportion of
the surplus value is
appropriated)
Examples of Adverse
Incorporation
Performing
excessive tasks for
the benefit of
others (including
the family)
Examples of Adverse
Incorporation
Taking loans under duress with
unreasonable terms
Examples of Adverse
Incorporation
Receiving adverse terms of trade for
inputs and outputs
Gainers
Material: appropriation of
surplus value; gains from
exploitative dowry
arrangements; interest
earned from distress loans
Political: extraction of
benefits from direct or
indirect control over
means of violence (e.g.
police)
Social / cultural: extracting
surplus through
possession of social /
educational resources
Losers
Material: extraction of
surplus by owners of
capital; losses in dowry,
paying of interest or
loss of assets
Political: losses due to
extraction by
domination, losses due
to extortion and
corruption
Social / cultural:
restricted autonomy of
women, low prestige
occupations
Coffee Break
More specifically
Exclusions from the market based on
global competition
Exclusions from government services
due to the limited role of the state
The deterioration of working conditions
leading to adverse incorporation into the
labour market
Dominance of MNCs determine the
terms of trade for inputs and outputs
Week 4 Feedback
On Socrative Room Number:
DVYSWVC9 or on paper
questionnaire, please provide
feedback on the course so far.
Poster Presentation
A poster presentation presents an
argument using text, graphics
(tables, diagrams, pictures) in a
poster form
It is accompanied by a 5 minute oral
presentation, in which one person
describes the poster
Task
Produce a poster that examines
climate change or environmental
destruction to one of the key
concepts / frameworks discussed in the
course, i.e.
Structural Violence
Capitalism
Neoliberalism
Adverse Incorporation and Social Exclusion
Approaches
Argue for a particular position, in which
the aim is to persuade your audience
Present both sides of a debate, in which
the aim is to stimulate your audience to
make up their own mind. Argument:
complexity or importance of issue
Describe a situation, in which the aim is
to provoke or enrage your audience to
take action. Argument: this issue needs
urgent attention
Team Work
Timing
Time for groups to meet during the lecture
period next week (week 5)
I will be available for consultations during
this period, in addition to the usual time
Friday 10am - 1.15pm
Posters will be presented during tutorials
the following week (week 6)
Resources
Details in course outline and on Moodle
Within the group, should read at least 1
academic text each in addition to refering
to course readings
Refer to websites
Next Week
NO LECTURE
Work on your group presentation
during the lecture period
See me in my office (MB142) if you
are facing any difficulties
Week after, Hegemony, ideology and
discourse
References
Davis, Peter (2011) Social Exclusion and adverse incorporation in
rural Bangladesh: evidence from a mixed methods study of poverty
dynamics, Chronic Poverty research Centre Working Paper No. 193.
http://www.chronicpoverty.org/uploads/publication_files/WP193%20D
avis.pdf
Fisher, Andrew M. (2011). Reconceiving Social Exclusion, BWPI
Working Paper 146.
http://www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/publications/worki
ng_papers/bwpi-wp-14611.pdf
Mosse, David 2010. A Relational Approach to Durable Poverty,
Inequality and Power, Journal of Development Studies, 46(7): 11561178.
du Toit, A. and D. Neves (2007) in Search of South Africas Second
Economy: Chronic Poverty economic marginalisation and adverse
incorporation in Mt Frere and Khayelitsha, CPRC Working paper No.
102.
http://www.chronicpoverty.org/publications/details/in-search-of-sou