Project Management

Introduction
Text book
Code of conduct
Class discipline
Course outline
Class activity
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Project Management
A Managerial Approach (7th Edition)
by
Jack R. Meredith & Samuel J. Mantel, Jr.
Available at:
Stationary shop at XC block Bahria University,
MR OLD BOOKS shops in Islamabad and
Bahria University Library.

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Project Management
Zahid Majeed
Assistant Professor

Bahria University
zahidpn@gmail.com
Ph # Ext 310 cell 03005365495
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Chapter 1
Introduction
The World of Projects
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Lecture Plan

The structure of this text book

What is a Project?
Introduction
Why Project Mgmt?
Growth of Project Mgmt
Project Management in Pakistan
PMP Certification
Assignment -1
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The Structure of this Text

Follows the project life cycle

Some topics stand-alone
Other topics incorporated throughout

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Part I: Project Initiation

Introduction, The World of Projects
Strategic Management and Project Selection
The Project Manager
Negotiation and the Management of Conflict
The Project in the Organizational Structure

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Part II: Project Planning

Project Activity Planning

Budgeting and Cost Estimation
Scheduling
Resource Allocation

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Part III: Project Execution

Monitoring and Information Systems

Project Control
Project Auditing
Project Termination

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WHAT IS A PROJECT?

A project is a problem scheduled for

solution.

J M Juran

Problem - The gap b/w where you are &

where u want to be, with an obstacle that
prevents easy movement to close the gap.
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Additional Definitions

A project is a unique venture with a beginning

and an end, conducted by people to meet
established goals within parameters of cost,
schedule and quality/performance.
Buchanan & Boddy 92

Projects are goal-oriented, involve the

coordinated undertaking of interrelated
activities, are of finite duration, accomplished
within allocated budget and are unique to a
degree.
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Project vs. Process Work

Project
Take place outside the
process world
Unique and separate
from normal
organization work
Continually evolving

Process
Ongoing, day-to-day
activities
Use existing systems,
properties, and
capabilities
Typically repetitive

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to

create a unique product or service.
PMBoK 2000
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Introduction

Much of project management developed by the military

Navys Polaris program

NASAs space program
Strategic defense initiative
Split the atom

Project management has found wide acceptance in

industry
Examples of projects

Channel between England and France

Introduce Windows Vista
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Introduction

Main forces in driving the acceptance of

project and other forms of management:
1.
2.
3.

Continued

The exponential growth of human knowledge

The growing demand for a broad range of
complex goods and services
Increased worldwide competition

All of these contribute to the need for

organizations to do more and to do it faster
Project management is one way to do more
faster
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Examples of Major Projects Undertaken or

Planned in Pakistan

Tarbela and Mangla dams

Kalabagh dam (?)
Indus River basin irrigation projects
Karakorum Highway
Islamabad Lahore Motorway
Jinnah International Airport at Karachi
Kot Addu power generation plant
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant
Karachi Steel Mill
Saindak copper mine
Port Qasim
Shah Faisal Mosque
Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital
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Common Examples of Major Projects

Energy On-and off-shore oil and gas refineries, mineral oil

storage containers, national and transnational oil and gas
pipelines, hydro-, thermal and nuclear power stations and
power transmission infrastructure.
Water Resources Irrigation projects, dams, flood protection
systems, desalination plants
Transport Infrastructure Road, rail and canal networks,
bridges, air-, river-and seaports
Public Works Sewage and sanitation, urban regeneration
schemes
Architecture High-rise office buildings and apartment
complexes, important public buildings
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Projects Tend to be Large

Projects tend to be large

Projects are getting larger over time

The Channel Tunnel, or Chunnel

Denver International Airport
Panama Canal expansion project
Three Gorges Dam, China
Flying: balloons planes jets rockets
reusable rockets

The more we can do, the more we try to do

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Project Management Also Getting Smaller

1.

2.
3.

More people are seeing the advantages

of project management techniques
The tools are become cheaper
The techniques are becoming more
widely taught and written about

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Main Goals of Project Management

1.
2.
3.

Time
Cost
Performance
Time, cost, and performance are all related on
a project

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Direct Project Goals: Performance, Cost, Time

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Project Management Institute (PMI)

The Project Management Institute is the major

project management organization
Founded in 1969
Grew from 7,500 members in 1990 to over 260,000
in 2007
The Project Management Journal and PM Network
are the leading project management journals

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fig_01_02

Project Manager

Project manager is the key individual on

a project
Project manager is like a mini-CEO
While project manager always has
responsibility, may not have necessary
authority
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Trends in Project Management

Achieving strategic goals

Achieving routine goals
Improving project effectiveness
Virtual projects
Quasi-projects

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Recent Changes in Managing Organizations

1.
2.
3.

Consensual management
Systems approach
Projects as preferred way to accomplish
goals

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The Definition of a Project

Modern project management began with the

Manhattan Project
In the early days, project management was used
mainly for very complex projects
As the tools became better understood, they began to
trickle down to smaller projects
It has also moved out of just manufacturing to
services

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Major Characteristics of a Project

Importance
Performance
Life cycle with a finite due date
Interdependencies
Uniqueness
Resources
Conflict

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Why Project Management?

The main purpose for initiating a project is to

accomplish some goal
Project management increases the likelihood of
accomplishing that goal
Project management gives us someone (the project
manager) to spearhead the project and to hold
accountable for its completion

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Negative Side to Project Management

Greater organizational complexity

Higher probability organizational policy will
be violated
Says managers cannot accomplish the desired
outcome
Conflict

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Project Life Cycles

Conceptualization - the development of the initial

goal and technical specifications.
Planning all detailed specifications, schedules,
schematics, and plans are developed
Execution the actual work of the project is
performed
Termination project is transferred to the customer,
resources reassigned, project is closed out.
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Time Distribution of Project Effort

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Man Hours

Project Life Cycles

Conceptualization

Planning

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Execution

Termination

Project Life Cycles and Their Effects

Client Interest
Project Stake
Resources
Creativity

Uncertainty
Conceptualization Planning
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Execution

Termination

Managerial Actions
in the Project Life-Cycle Phases

Conceptual Phase

Determine that a project is needed

Establish goals
Estimate the resources that the organization is willing to commit
Sell the organization on the need for a project approach
Make key personnel Appointments

Planning Phase

Define the project organization

Define the project targets
Prepare the schedule for the execution Phase
Define and allocate tasks and resources
Build the project team
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The Project Life Cycle

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Another Possible Project Life Cycle

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Risk During at the Start of the Life Cycle

Risk During the Life Cycle

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PROJ MGMT IN PAKISTAN

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Proj Mgmt in Pakistan

Role of Planning Commission

Plans, Programmes and Projects

Types of Plans, Pgms and Proj

Idea generation and selection How and why

Projects Proposal, Formulation, Appraisal, and

Approval

Sanctioning / Approving Authorities

Implementation of Projects --- Use of computers

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PROJ MGMT- WAY FORWARD

Feasibility studies / Pilot Proj

Formulation
Appraisal
Approval
Implementation
Evaluation
Termination
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FEASIBILITY STUDIES / PILOT PROJECTS

Once the idea has been accepted and brainstormed at different

levels of the government, a feasibility or pre-feasibility study (A
formal survey to determine worthiness of the proposed project ) is ordered
depending upon the size of the Plan or Programme to be
undertaken. The Feasibility Studies report back the following:

The size and nature of the demand

Available alternatives with costs

Availability of needed manpower

Costs estimates

Financial outlay with benefits

Major constraints (Technological / social / administrative)

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PROJ FORMULATION

Based on the feasibility study, the Proj formulation

takes place by filling up PC-1. Here are certain
kinks which need to be taken into account. The PC1 is normally filled up very ambitiously by the
person / org who was not involved with the Proj or
the feasibility study. Devoid of requisite data and
keenness to undertake / initiate the Proj usually lays
the first brick of possible failure. Lack of data places
immense burden on the Proj Manager to unearth
relevant data and endeavor to prove to his bosses of
the correctness of the Proj.
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PROJ APPRAISAL

It is a complex job to be done by professionals. The purpose of the

appraisal (PC-1) is to facilitate the decision regarding the approval of a
plan for implementation particularly the investment decisions. The
appraisal includes among others:

Necessary modifications to original ideas to make them look attractive to

foreign donors

Administrative, managerial and technical capability of the Org.

Proj costs (Capital, Operational, Maintenance, Recurring, Establishment

expenditures, etc)

Schedule of Work

Financial phasing

Review of the Proj for reasons of Objectives, Costs, and Time

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PROJECT APPROVAL

The most lethargic and at times most speedier

action consists of admin Approval and
Financial Approval. Most of the good Projects
never see the day light due absence of
financial approval. At times Projects are
started on the wrong demise that finances
would be made available in due course. In
fact, they never become available.
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IMPLEMENTATION

The Projects are implemented by a specially

selected team designated as Proj Team that
works under the guidance of Proj Mgr.

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PROJECT EVALUATION

A specially designated team chosen and

authorized by the higher organization usually
inspects and evaluates the Proj as per Proj
Appraisal criteria. This may happen on
completion or during different stages of the
Proj.

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