Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ROTARY DRILLING
2.
DRILLING FLUIDS
3.
DRILLING HYDRAULICS
4.
DRILLING BITS
5.
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
6.
7.
CEMENTS
8.
CASING DESIGN
9.
TUBING DESIGN
10.
Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes)
in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment
used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas wells, or they can be
small enough to be moved manually by one person.
Rotary table drive: rotation is achieved by turning the kelley at the drill
floor.
Top drive: rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drill string, on
a motor that moves in a track along the derrick.
Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig
An advantage of a top drive is that it allows the drilling rig to drill
longer sections of a stand of drill pipe. A rotary table type rig can
only drill 30 sections of drill pipe while a top drive can drill 90-feet
drillpipe. Therefore, there are fewer connections of drill pipe and
hence improving time efficiency.
Drilling Rig
While the bit cuts the rock at the bottom of the hole, surface pumps are forcing
drilling fluids down the hole through the inside of the drill pipe and out the bit.
This fluid lubricates and removes cuttings. The fluid (with the cuttings) then flows
out the center of the drill bit and is forced back up the outside of the drill pipe onto
the surface of the ground where it is cleaned of debris and pumped back down the
hole. This is an endless cycle that is maintained as long as the drill bit is turning in
the hole.
In generally, there are four main systems of a rotary drilling process including: Rig
power system, hoisting system, drill string components, and circulating system.
(2)
(3)
Fuel
Type
Density
(lbm/gal)
Heating Value
(Btu/lbm)
diesel
gasoline
butane
methane
7.2
6.6
4.7
---
19,000
20,000
21,000
24,000
OVERAL EFFICIENCY:
Hoisting System
The function of the hoisting system is to get the necessary equipment in and out of
the hole as rapidly as is economically possible. The principal items of equipment
that are used in the hole are drillstring, casing, and miscellaneous instruments such
as logging and hole deviation instruments. The major components of the hoisting
system are:
(1)the derrick,
(2)the block and tackle system,
(3)the drawworks,
(4)miscellaneous hoisting equipment such as hooks, elevators, and weight
indicator.
Derrick
The function of the derrick is to provide the vertical height required to raise
sections of pipe from or lower them into the hole. Derricks are rated according to
their height and their ability to withstand compressive and wind loads. The greater
the height of the derrick, the longer the section of pipe that can be handled. The
most commonly used drillpipe is between 27-30 feet. To provide working space
below the derrick floor for pressure control valves called blowout preventer, the
derrick usually is elevated above the ground level by placement on a substructure.
Making a Trip
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5F3STXHZICQ
HTTP://WWW.OSHA.GOV/SLTC/ETOOLS/OILANDGAS/DRILLING/TRIPPINGOUT_
IN.HTML#
Making a Trip
Tripping Out
Tripping In
Setting Slips
Elevators raised
Pipe is made up
Slips are pulled
Slips are set
Elevators are unlatched
Process repeated for all stands
Pickup kelly and attach to drill string
Break circulation, and
Resume drilling
Making a
mouse hole
connection
Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole
Stabbing
the Pipe
Single
Added.
Ready to
Drill
Tripping Out
Put Kelly in
Rathole
Use
Elevators
for
tripping
Tripping Out
Machenical Advantage
THE MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE M OF A BLOCK AND TACKLE IS
DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF THE LOAD SUPPORTED BY THE
TRAVELING BLOCK, W, AND THE LOAD IMPOSED ON THE
DRAWWORKS, FF.
(4)
Pully
A pulley transfers a force along a rope without changing its magnitude. In Figure a, there is a force (tension) on
the rope that is equal to the weight of the object. This force or tension is the same all along the rope. For this
simple pulley system, the force is equal to the weight, as shown in the picture. The mechanical advantage of this
system is 1!.
In the Figure b, the pulley is moveable. As the rope is pulled up, it can also move up. Now the weight is
supported by both the rope end attached to the upper bar and the end held by the person! Each side of the rope
is supporting the weight, so each side carries only half the weight. So the force needed to hold up the pulley in
this example is 1/2 the weight! Now the mechanical advantage of this system is 2.
Pully
(7)
Drawworks
THE DRAWWORKS IS A COMPLICATED MECHANICAL SYSTEM WITH MANY
FUNCTIONS:
1. TO LIFT DRILL STRING, CASING, OR TUBING STRING, OR TO PULL IN EXCESS OF
THESE STRING LOADS TO FREE STUCK PIPE.
2. PROVIDE THE BRAKING SYSTEMS ON THE HOIST DRUM FOR LOWERING DRILL
STRING, CASING STRING, OR TUBING STRING INTO THE BOREHOLE.
3.
Drawworks
Drawworks