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Test site 1
Brandywell, river source
Test site 2
Druidale, tributries meet
Test site 3
Tholt-y-will
Test site 4
Garey ford
Turbidity:
Turbidity is the measure of the relative clarity of water. Turbid water is caused by
suspended and colloidal matter such as clay, silt, organic and inorganic matter, and
microscopic organisms. Turbid
water may be the result of soil erosion, urban runoff, algae blooms, and bottom
sediment disturbances which can be caused by boat traffic and abundant bottom
feeding fish. Turbidity should not be confused with colour, because darkly coloured
water can still be clear but not turbid.
Water temperature:
Dissolved Oxygen:
pH:
Turbidity:
I would expect the turbidity to be high at site 1 because it is more of a swamp than
a river with a lot of suspended matter such as peat. There was a lot of plant life
which would add to the amount of organic matter clouding the water.
Further down the river at site 2 I would expect the turbidity to be low because the
bottom of the river is stony and can be clearly seen. Also, there is little
disturbance in the way of traffic or animals.
At site 3 the water current is strong but very clear so I predict that this site will
also have low turbidity.
I expect that the turbidity will also be low at site 4 because the rocks and stones
can be clearly seen on the river bed.
The acidity:
I predict that the water acidity in general will be low because there are hardly any
factories or industry along the river banks. At the source of the river the acidity
level will be very close to the pH of natural rain which is between 5 and 6, but at
the second site I expect the water will be very acidic because the river passes over
peat which has a high pH level. As the river leaves the peat area I predict that the
pH levels will fall to the healthy level of 7, which is a level at which most plants and
animals thrive.
Method:
1. Remove lid from sampling jar.
2. Wear protective gloves.
3. Rinse the jar 2-3 times with the stream water.
4. Hold the jar near the bottom and plunge it below the water surface.
5. Turn the submerged jar into the current and away from you.
6. Allow the water to flow into the jar for 30 seconds.
7. Cap the full jar while it is submerged. Remove it from the river immediately.
To measure turbidity:
Equipment:
Sampling jar
Secchi disk icon
Turbidity chart
Method:
1.Adhere sticker on the inside bottom of the sampling jar, slightly of centre.
2.Fill the jar to the turbidity line located on the outside label.
3.Hold the Turbidity Chart on the top edge of the jar.
4.Looking down into the jar, compare the appearance of the secchi disk icon in the jar to
the chart.
5.Record results.
Method:
Sampling jar
Thermometer
Small test tube
Dissolved Oxygen Chart
Timer
Method:
1. Record the temperature of the water sample.
2.Put a small test tube into the sampling jar, remove it making sure no air gets in.
3.Put the Dissolved Oxygen tablets in to the test tube.
4.Screw the cap on.
5.Mix the Dissolved Oxygen tablets for 4 minutes.
6.Wait 5 minutes for the colour to develop.
7.Compare the colour of the sample to the Dissolved Oxygen colour chart .
8.Record results.
To measure pH:
Equipment
Method:
1.Fill large test tube to the 10ml mark.
2.Add one pH tablet.
3.Mix until tablet has dissolved.
4.Compare the colour of the sample to the pH colour chart.
5.Record results
Date: 26/10/09
Time of year: autumn
Current weather conditions: windy with light rain
Cloud cover: overcast
Air temperature: 12/14C
Parameter
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Date
26/10
26/10
26/10
26/10
Location
Brandywell
Druidale
Tholt-y-will
Garey Ford
Air Temp
12C
14C
12C
14C
Turbidity
0JTU
0JTU
0JTU
0JTU
Water Temp
10c
10c
12c
12c
Dissolved
Oxygen %age
saturation
71%
71%
74%
74%
pH
This is site 1, the source of the river and as we can see on this photo
the river is swampy with a peat bed, a slow water flow and thick
vegetation with little sunlight getting to water. The weather was
overcast, and raining and this point is high above see level.
This is site 2 and as we can see it is the point at which two tributaries
converge. The river is very narrow and there is some white water. The
water is very clear with lots of stones and vegetation around the river.
The weather is still very cold.
This is site 3 where the river has widened with some white water and the
still water is very clear. There are a lot of leaves around about the river so
there is lots of shelter from trees. The water temperature has warmed
slightly.
This is site 4 the river is very wide, shallow and slow moving, the river is
quite sheltered. Even though there is tree cover there are no leaves on the
trees and there is plenty of light getting through.There are ducks in the
water. The water temperature is the same as site 3.
Turbidity:
Site 1 the data shows that the test disagrees with my hypotheses maybe because
the rain water had only recently landed and didnt have time to mix with the soil
ground. Site 2 data agrees with my hypotheses, showing that the water was clear
because there was no disturbance by animals or factories. Site 3 data agrees with
my hypotheses because the strong current and the stony bottom stopped any
disturbances in the river bottom. Site 4 data agrees with my hypotheses because
again there is a stony bottom stopping disturbances.
Water Temperature:
The water temperature at the first two sites agrees with my hypotheses because
it was a cold wet day and the first two sites were up on a bleak hill top. Further
down at the last two sites the data agrees with my hypotheses because the sites
were much more sheltered.
The Acidity:
At the source the data agrees with my hypotheses because the rain water has had
little time to mix with the peat so the water still had the same acidity levels as
rain. The second site agrees with my data collected because the river passes over
peat which has a high acidity level. The lower course sites, from the data I
collected agrees with my hypotheses because there is no more peat land and no
factories so the acidity level drops along the lower course of the river.
Dissolved Oxygen:
At site 1 the data I collected disagrees with my hypotheses probably because the
water was very cold. Site 2 data agrees with my hypotheses because the weather
was cold and there was some white water. Site 3 also agrees with my hypotheses
because there were waterfalls mixing oxygen into the water. Site 4 hypotheses
agrees with the data I collected because it was very similar to site 3 with cold
weather
This data collection exercise was very limited. Results only show the quality of the
river water at one fixed point in time. If I was to do this experiment again with
unlimited time and resources I would test even more sites along the river at
different times of day; during different seasons and weather conditions; and I
would do it when the reservoir was discharging because I believe this would make a
big difference to the results. I would use more specialised equipment for example a
Winkler Titration Kit would have given me a more specific result for the levels of
dissolved oxygen and a secchi disk to improve the turbidity measurements.
On the whole the exercise was informative and produced some interesting results.
It gave an overall picture of the Sulby River showing it to be in a very healthy
condition and capable of supporting a good community of plant life and animals.