GSM RF Planning

Project Supervisor:
Mr.Qazi Zeeshan
Group Members:
Abdul-Raheem
Nargis Sultana

Cellular Communication
Communication between mobile subscribers..
It removes the fixed wiring
Mobile subscriber is able to move around, perhaps

can travel in a vehicle or on foot & still make &

receive call.

The Cell..

BTS

The hexagonal-shaped communication cells

are artificial & are generated to simplify the
planning & design of a cellular network.

Fitting of the cellular structure

Cellular structure
Each cell is served

by a base station.
Base Station
Base Station
Base Station

Base Station
Base Station

Base Station

Coverage & Capacity

Cell Size
Large Cells
35 Km
Small Cells
Near about 1 KM
Urban Areas

GSM
one or more RF carriers in each cell.
An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies
One used in upward direction by MS - Uplink
Other used in downward direction by BTS - Downlink
The transmit and receive frequencies are separated by a
gap of 45 MHz in GSM of 75 MHz in DCS.
There are 124 carries in GSM Band. With each

carrier carrying 8 timeslots, only 124 x 8 = 992 calls

can be made!
Frequency Reuse is the solution

Uplink-Downlink
Downlink = 935 to 960 MHz

BTS Tx

dl

MS Rx

Uplink = 890 to 915 MHz

BTS Rx

ul

MS Tx

Frequency Reuse Pattern

Three types of frequency reuse
patterns
7 Cell reuse pattern
4 cell reuse pattern
3 cell reuse pattern

FREQUENCY RE - USE
Frequency

Re-use

2
7
1
6

3
4

D/R = (3N)1/2

D
Cell Dia = R

7 cell cluster

where N is Cluster size

Principal Of Sectorization
Omni Directional Cells
120 degree Sectors
60 Degree sectors

Each Sector in a Site has its own allocation of Radio

Carriers.

Advantage

By frequent reuse of frequency more capacity can be

achieved.

Cell Sectorisation
b2
b1
b3
a2
OMNI CELL
1 ANTENNA

a1

a3

a6

a4
a5
60O CELLS
6 ANTENNAS

120O CELLS
3 ANTENNAS

3 Site Reuse Pattern

c2
c1
b2

c3
a2

b1
b3

a1
a3
Cell Re-use

c1

c2
c3

Continued
3 cluster site

3/9 cell cluster

4 cluster site

4/12 cell cluster

Handovers

Base Station 2

Base Station 3
Base Station 1

GSM NETWORK ELEMENTS

VLR
PSTN
MSC

HLR
AUC
EIR

Network Switching System

ME

TRAU

SIM

BSC
BTS

MS

BSS

GSM Network Components

Mobile Station consists of two parts

Mobile Equipment (ME)

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

ME

Hardware e.g. Telephone, Fax Machine,

Computer.

SIM

Smart Card which plugs into the ME.

Mobile Equipment (ME)

A handset

SIM
---------------------------

Subscriber

Interface
Identity
Module

Full Size SIM Card

Small SIM
---------------------------

SIM stores
IMSI (International Mobile

Subscriber Identity)
Permanently
15

stored on SIM card

digit Decimal

MCC (3)

MNC (2)

MSIN (10)

LAI (Location Area Identity)

MCC

MNC

LAC

CI

MCC-3digit number
MNC-2 digit number
LAC-3 digit number
CI-5digit number

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)

Temporary number assigned to the subscriber by

VLR .used locally. It is a 4 byte code.

SIM continued
MSISDN (Mobile subscriber ISDN)
10 digit number to which a subscriber is being called.
PIN (Personal Identification Number)

Four digit PIN

An internal security to Protect the SIM from illegal use.
Card blocks itself after three wrong entries

PUK (Personal Unblocking Key)

8 digit code to unblock the SIM Card
Ki (Authentication Key), A3 & A8 Algorithms

Base Station System (BSS)

BSS (Base Station System)

Network
BSC (Base Site Controller)
Switching
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) System
(NSS)
XCDR (Transcoder)
XCDR

BSC

BTS

Base Station System (BSS)

BSC
Controls

upto 40 BTS
Conveys information to/from BTS
Controls handovers between BTSs
under itself
BTS
1 - 6 carriers in a BTS
7 - 48 simultaneous calls per BTS

Network Switching
System(NSS)
NSS (Network Switching System)

MSC (Mobile Switching Centre)

HLR (Home Location Register)

VLR (Visitor Location Register)

EIR (Equipment Identity Register)

AUC (Authentication Centre)

OMC has access &

to the
(G)MSC, BSC.
Operation
Maintenance
o Handles error messages being reported from the Network
Centre
o Controls
the traffic load of the BSC, and the BTS.
o The

GSM Interfaces
Um MS

- BTS

Abis

BTS

BSC - MSC

MSC - VLR

MSC - HLR

VLR

MSC - MSC

MSC - EIR

VLR

HLR - AUC

- HLR

- VLR

- BSC

TDMA & FDMA

7
n+
1

0
3
0

FDMA
200KHz

FR
A
A
M
TD

TD 4.6
M 15
A
m
FR S
A
M
E

Uplink - MS Tx
890MHz to 915MHz

Downlink - BTS Tx
935MHz to 960MHz

LOGICAL CHANNELS
3

Normal Burst

3
T

57
encrypted

1 26
1
S training S

57
encrypted

3 8.25
T GP

577S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
577S x 8 = 4.615mS

26 Frame Multi-frame

TDMA Frame

BURST

Five Types of Burst

Normal Burst

Traffic & Control Channels

Frequency Correction Burst

FCCH
Synchronization Burst

SCH
Dummy Burst

BCCH Carrier
Access Burst

RACH

GSM Logical Channels

TCH and Control Channels

Frames & Multiframes

Traffic Channel occupy a 26-frame multiframe

(120 ms)

Control Channel occupy a 51-frame multiframe

(235 ms).

Channels On Air Interface

BCCH

BCCH, FCCH, SCH

CCCH

RACH, PCH, AGCH, DCCH

Channels On Air Interface

DCCH

SDCCH

FACCH & SACCH

Call Scenarios
Mobile to Mobile
Intra-city
Inter-city

Mobile to Land
Intra-city
Inter-city

Land to Mobile
Intra-city
Inter-city

MULTI-PATH PROPAGATION

FREQUENCY HOPPING
FN

FREQUENCY

F4
F3
F2
F1
F0
TIME

RF Planning Aspects
Coverage

Total sites used are 8.

S333,s22,and s332 site configuration is used.
3/9 Multiplexing mode used. i-e 3x3 frequency
reuse.

The radio channel configuration model

Number of TRXs
in a cell

Number of control
channels

Number
of voice
channels

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1? BCCH+SDCCH?
1BCCH+1SDCCH
1BCCH+1SDCCH
1BCCH+1SDCCH
1BCCH+2SDCCH
1BCCH+2SDCCH
1BCCH+2SDCCH

7
14
22
30
37
45
53

Capacity
? Erlang?
2% congestion
rate
2.94
8.2
14.9
22
28
35.5
43

Capacity
? Erlang?
5% congestion
rate
3.74
9.73
17.1
24.8
31.6
39.6
47.53

3x3 frequency re-use:

continued

Capacity:
Number of potential users = 12,000
Average BHCA = 2minutes
mean holding time per call = 45seconds
erlang per subscriber = (45*2)/3600 =
0.25erlang
Design capacity of a network :
10,000*0.025 = 250erlang

Frequency Planning softwares

Softwares used are:
ASSETT
PLANET
GAIA

FINAL PROJECT

GSM RF PLANNING

Project specifications
5MHz Frequency band used is:

uplink
downlink

1780-1785
1875-1880

Total RF carriers = 25
120degree antenna used

Coverage forecast table

BTS ID
ABD001
ABD002
ABD003
ABD004
ABD005
ABD006
ABD007
ABD008

BTS Name
Sarban Chowk
Supply Bazar
Shimla Pahari
Nawan Shehr
Kakul
SI State
Shahrah-e-Raisham
Chinar Road

Configuration
S333
S332
S333
S333
S332
S333
S22
S332

TOWN
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad
Abbottabad

PROVINCE LON
LAT
GNDHT Azimuth Height
NWFP
73.2202 34.1482
1237
140
NWFP
73.225 34.1709
1200
60
NWFP
73.2008 34.1482
1349
120
NWFP
73.2653 34.1634
1237
180
NWFP
73.2479 34.1826
1223
90
NWFP
73.2348 34.2001
1200
180
NWFP
73.1772 34.127
1397
80
NWFP
73.2365 34.1594
1200
180

35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

mapped data

Coverage

Mean received power

Path Loss

END OF PRESENTATION
QUESTIONS???