APPLICATIONS OF

NATURAL GAS

Natural gas Production, Transmission

& Distribution System

Gas Chain

TYPES OF NATURAL GAS

PIPELINES

Flow lines
Purpose: Flow lines connect to a single wellhead in a producing
field. Flow lines move natural gas from the wellhead to nearby
storage tanks, transmission compressor stations, or processing
plant booster stations.
Description: Flow lines are relatively narrow pipes that carry
unodorized raw gas at a pressure of approximately 250 psi
(pounds per square inch). Typically, flowlines are buried four feet
underground
Special considerations: Flow lines can corrode, especially if
they are carrying wet gas. Flow lines are also prone to methane
leakage. According to the EPA, "Methane leakage from flow lines
is one of the largest sources of emissions in the gas industry."

GATHERING LINES
Purpose: Gathering lines collect gas from multiple
flow lines and move it to centralized points, such
as processing facilities, tanks, or marine docks.
Description: Gathering lines are medium size steel
pipes (usually under 18" diameter) that carry
unodorized, raw gas at a pressure of approximately
715 psi. Typically, gathering lines are buried four
feet underground.
Special considerations: Gathering lines carry
corrosive content that can affect pipeline integrity
within a few years

Transmission Pipelines
Purpose: Transmission pipelines carry natural gas
across long distances and occasionally across interstate
boundaries, usually to and from compressors or to a
distribution center or storage facility.
Description: Transmission lines are large steel pipes
(usually 2" to 42" in diameter; most often more than
10" diameter) that are federally regulated. They carry
unodorized gas at a pressure of approximately 200 to
1,200 psi.
Special considerations: Transmission pipelines can fail
due to: seam failures, corrosion, materials failure, or
defective welding

DISTRIBUTION LINES
Purpose: Distribution pipelines, also known as "mains,"
are the middle step between high pressure transmission
lines and low pressure service lines. Distribution pipelines
operate at an intermediate pressure.
Description: Distribution pipelines are small to medium
sized pipes (2" to 24" in diameter) that are federally
regulated and carry odorized gas at varying pressure
levels,
from as little as 0.3 up to 200 psi. Distribution pipelines
typically operate below their carrying capacity.
Distribution pipelines are made from a variety of
materials, including steel, cast iron, plastic, and
occasionally copper

Service Pipelines
Purpose: Service pipelines connect to
a meter that delivers natural gas to
individual customers.
Description: Service pipelines are
narrow pipes (usually less than 2"
diameter) that carry odorized gas at
low pressures, such as 6 psi. Service
pipelines are typically made from
plastic, steel, or copper

HVJ Pipeline

Usage as Energy Source

Uses of Gas

Usage of Gas

Residential Uses:
Heating
Cooking
Cooling.( Natural Gas powered AC)
Distributed Generation

Residential Uses

Natural Gas Appliances

Space heaters
Cloth Dryers
Fire Places
Barbeques
Advantages
Safe , Economical, Efficient.

Commercial Applications.

Commercial Uses

Space Heating
Water heating
Cooling
Food Service industry
On site Generators
CHP & CCHP
Fuel Cells.

Industrial Application
Base In gradient. ( Plastic, fertilizer,
Antifreeze,
Fiber)
As a energy source
Lighting
Waste Treatment
Feedstock for Methanol, Ethane, Butane.
Industrial CHP
Direct water heaters.

Electric Generation

Steam Generation Unit

Gas Turbine Unit
Combined Cycle Unit
Distributed Generation Unit
Micro turbines

Ref: Naturalgas.org

Transportation Sector
NGV
Environmental Standards
CNG