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MEANING,NATURE,SCOPE,PROCESS

OF MANAGEMENT & SYSTEM


APPROACH
Presented By:
Group No.-2
Group Name:- SYNERGY

Members Name:
SADHIKA KATIYAR
RUPESH KUMAR MISHRA
GAURAV KATIYAR
POOJA RAGHAV
PRANAY RANJAN

A Group of Donkeys lead


by a lion can defeat a
group of lions lead by a
donkey
--Socrates

Topics of the Presentaion


After this presentation you will be
able to defineIntroduction Of Management
Nature OF Management
Scope Of Management
Process Of Management
System Approach

ABSTRACT
Man is a social being as he likes to live
together with other people. It is by working
and living together in organised groups and
institutions that people satisfy their economic
and social needs.
As a result there are several
types
of
groups
like
family,
school,
government, army, a business firm, a cricket
team. Such formal groups can achieve their
goals effectively only when the efforts of the
people working in these groups are properly
coordinated and controlled.

The task of getting results through others


by coordinating their efforts is known as
management. Just as the mind coordinates
and regulates all the activities of a person,
management coordinates and regulates the
activities of various members of an
organisation.

What is Management?
Management
is the process involving
planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling human efforts to achieve stated
objectives in an organization.
The definition by some of the
leading management thinkers
are given below-

Management is the art of knowing what you


want to do and then seeing that it is done in
the best and cheapest way.
-F .W. Taylor
Management is a multipurpose organ that
manage a business and manages Managers and
manages Workers and work.
-Peter Drucker

Why Study
Management

The Value of Studying Management:


The universality of management

Good
management
organizations.

is

needed

in

all

The reality of work

Employees either manage or are managed.

Rewards and challenges of being a manager

Management offers challenging, exciting and


creative opportunities for meaningful and
fulfilling work.
Successful managers receive significant
monetary rewards for their efforts.

Universal Need for Management

Efficiency and Effectiveness in


Management
Managerial Concerns

Efficiency
Doing things right
-Getting the most output for
the least inputs

Effectiveness

Doing the right things


-Attaining organizational goals

Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management

Who is the person responsible for


supervising the use of an organizations
resources to meet its goals?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Team leader
Manager
President
Resource allocator

MANAGER
A person who plans, organizes, directs
and controls the allocation of human,
material, financial, and information
resources in pursuit
of the organizations
goals.

Managerial Competencies
Communication
Competency
Teamwork
Competency

Global
Awareness
Competency

Managerial
Effectiveness

Self-Management
Competency

Planning and
Administration
Competency
Strategic
Action
Competency

Nature of Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management

is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is

Goal-oriented.
Universal.
an Integrative Force.
a Social Process.
Multidisciplinary.
Continuous Process.
Intangible.
an Art as well as Science.

Management is Goal-Oriented:
Management has no justification to
exist without goals. Management goals
are called group goals or organisational
goals. The basic goal of management is
to ensure efficiency and economy in the
utilisation of human, physical and
financial resources. The success of
management is measured by the extent
to which the established goals one
achieved.

Management is Universal:
Management is an essential element of every
organised activity irrespective of the size or type
of activity.
Wherever two or more persons are engaged in
working for a common goal, management is
necessary. All types of organisations, e.g., family,
club, university, government, army, cricket team or
business, require management. Thus, management is
a pervasive activity. The fundamental principles of
management are applicable in all areas of organised
effort. Managers at all levels perform the same
basic functions.

Management is an Integrative
Force:
The essence of management lies in
the coordination of individual efforts
in to a team. Management reconciles
the individual goals with organisational
goals.

Management is a Social Process:


Management is a social process because it
is concerned with interpersonal relations.
Human factor is the most important
element in management.
According to Appley, Management is the
development of people not the direction of
things. A good manager is a leader
not a boss. It is the pervasiveness
of human element which gives
management its special character
as a social process.

Management is Multidisciplinary:
Management has to deal with human
behaviour
under
dynamic
conditions.
Therefore, it depends upon wide knowledge
derived from several disciplines like
engineering,
sociology,
psychology,
economics, anthropology, etc. The vast
body of knowledge in management draws
heavily upon other fields of study

Management is a Continuous
Process:
Management is a dynamic and an ongoing
process.
The
cycle
of
management continues to operate so
long as there is organised action for
the achievement of group goals.

Management is Intangible:
Management is an unseen or invisible
force. It cannot be seen but its
presence can be felt everywhere in
the form of results. However, the
managers who perform the functions
of management are
very much tangible
and visible.

Management is an Art as well


as Science:
Management is also a discipline involving
specialised training and an ethical code
arising out of its social obligations. On the
basis of these characteristics, management
may be defined as a continuous social
process involving the coordination of human
and
material
resources
in
order
to
accomplish desired objectives. It involves
both
the
determination
and
the
accomplishment of organisational goals.

McKINSEY 7-S FRAMEWORK:

STRATEGY :-means to achieve organizational


purpose.
STRUCTURE:-basic framework to designate
responsibilities and functions.
SYSTEMS:-management tools for planning,
decision making , communication and control.
STAFF:-human resources of the organization.
SKILLS:organizational
and
individual
capabilities.
SHARED VALUES:-values , goals , objectives
which the organization pursues.

Scope Of Management
Production Management:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Designing the product


Location and layout of plant and building
Planning and Control of factory operations
Operation of purchase and storage of
materials
Inventory cost and Quality Control
Research and Development etc.

PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM:

Marketing Management:

a) marketing research to determine the


b)
c)
d)
e)

needs and expectation of consumers


planning and developing suitable products
setting appropriate prices
selecting the right channel of
distribution, and
promotional activities like advertising and
salesmanship to communicate with the
customers

MARKETING
MANAGEMENT:

Financial Management:
a) Selecting the appropriate source of

funds
b) Raising the required funds at the
right time
c) Administration of earnings
d) Estimating the volume
of fund.

Personnel Management:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)

manpower planning
recruitments,
selection,
training
appraisal,
promotions and transfers,
compensation,
employee welfare services, and
personnel records and research,
etc.

Levels Of Management

Top Level Management-

The
top
level
management
generally occupied by the
ownership group. It is
the highest level in the
managerial hierarchy and
the ultimate source of
authority in the organisation.

is

Middle Level Management-In order to


fill up the gap which exists between
functional and operative level, some
managerial positions are created at the
middle level of management. Middle level
management consists of
departmental managers,
deputy managers,foreman
and administrative
officers etc.

Lower Level or Supervisory Level


Management- It consists of factory
supervisors,
superintendents,
foremen,
sales supervisors, accounts officers etc.
They directly guide and control the
performance of rank and file workers.
They issue orders and instructions and
guide day to-day activities.

Management Level and Skills

PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT
The father of
modern
management Henri
fayol, described
firstly the process
of management
in 5-terms-

Planning :

Planning is the first step which is basically


a logical thinking process that decides what
needs to be done in order to achieve
organization's goals and objectives. It
focuses on the broader perspective of the
business
as
well
as
taking
into
consideration, the tactical
methods to get the
desired results.

Steps in the Planning Process


Deciding

which
goals
the
organization will pursue.
Deciding what courses of action to
adopt to attain those goals.
Deciding how to
allocate organizational
Resources.

Organizing :

Organizing
is
about
setting
up
and
maintaining
the
internal
organizational
structure in accordance with objectives
mentioned in planning stage. It
also involves assigning
tasks to various individuals
for the larger goal of
organization's missions
and objectives.

Organizing:
Involves

grouping
people
into
departments according to the kinds of
job-specific tasks they perform.
Managers lay out lines of authority and
responsibility.
Decide how to coordinate organizational
resources.

Staffing :

Staffing is the process of choosing


right people for organization. It can
be associated with human resource
management and involves recruitment,
hiring, training and compensating the
workforce.

Directing :

Directing is guiding people in the organization


through the means of counseling, instructing,
motivating.

Controlling :

Controlling The process of leading and


influencing the task related activities of
group members or an entire
organization.

SYSTEM APPROACH

SYSTEM: A Definition
A set of detailed methods,
procedures, and routines established
or formulated to carry out a specific
activity, perform a duty, or solve a
problem.

NATURE OF A SYSTEM
A system is a combination of parts and sub
systems.
Parts and sub parts of a system are mutually
related to each other.
Arrangement in a system is more important.
System transforms inputs into outputs.
Prevalence of boundary.
Closed and open system.

FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
AS A SYSTEM
Management as a social system
Management as open system
Adaptive
Dynamic
Probabilistic
Multi level and multidimensional
Multivariable
An integrated approach

System approach to
Management
It is a collection of interrelated parts acting

together to achieve some goals which exists in


the environment. Also system is defined as a set
of object working together with relationship
between the objects and the attributes related
to each other and to environment.
Therefore, system in simple term in respect to
management, it is a set of different independent
parts working together in interrelated manner to
accomplish a set of objectives.

Elements of System Approach


An Organization is a unified and purposeful

system consisting of several interconnected,


interacting and interdependent parts.
The parts of a system are called subsystems. Each sub-system influences the
other sub systems and the system as a
whole.
The position and function of each subsystem can be analyzed and understood only
in relation to other sub-systems and to
organization as a whole.

Elements of System
Approach

Each sub-system derives its strength by its

association and interaction with the other subsystems. As a result the collective contribution
of the organization is greater than the
aggregate of individual contribution of its subsystems. This is known as SYNERGY.
Each system has a boundary that separates it
from its environment. The boundary determines
which parts are internal to organization and
which are external.

Elements of System
Approach
The reactions or response of the environment

to the output is known as FEEDBACK. Feedback


is useful in evaluating and improving the
functioning of the system.

Organizations operates on the principle that

they have several alternative ways of doing the


same thing or achieving the same goal.

Process of System Approach

CLASSIFICATION OF
SYSTEMS
OPEN SYSTEM
CLOSED SYSTEM

OPEN SYSTEM
An open system actively interacts
with its environment. By interacting
with other systems, it tries to
establish exchange relationships.
Open systems
have feedback
Mechanism.

CLOSED SYSTEM
Closed systems have no interaction
with environment
Closed system are self contained and
self maintaining
Closed systems are mechanical
Closed systems are like
closed loops.

Advantages of System Approach


It aims at meaningful analysis of
organizations and their management.
It
facilitates
the
interaction
between
organization
and
its
environment.
It
guides
managers
to
avoid
analysing problems in isolation and to
develop an integrated approach

Limitations of System Approach


Over-conceptual
The approach does not recognize the
differences in systems.
Systems philosophy does not specify
the nature of interactions and interdependencies.
Unpractical: It cannot be easily and
directly applied to practical problems.

We are very thankful to


our respected sir Prof.
S.K. SRIVSTAVA for
his guidance and
motivation to this
presentation.

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