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SADHIKA KATIYAR
RUPESH KUMAR MISHRA
GAURAV KATIYAR
POOJA RAGHAV
PRANAY RANJAN
ABSTRACT
Man is a social being as he likes to live
together with other people. It is by working
and living together in organised groups and
institutions that people satisfy their economic
and social needs.
As a result there are several
types
of
groups
like
family,
school,
government, army, a business firm, a cricket
team. Such formal groups can achieve their
goals effectively only when the efforts of the
people working in these groups are properly
coordinated and controlled.
What is Management?
Management
is the process involving
planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling human efforts to achieve stated
objectives in an organization.
The definition by some of the
leading management thinkers
are given below-
Why Study
Management
Good
management
organizations.
is
needed
in
all
Efficiency
Doing things right
-Getting the most output for
the least inputs
Effectiveness
Team leader
Manager
President
Resource allocator
MANAGER
A person who plans, organizes, directs
and controls the allocation of human,
material, financial, and information
resources in pursuit
of the organizations
goals.
Managerial Competencies
Communication
Competency
Teamwork
Competency
Global
Awareness
Competency
Managerial
Effectiveness
Self-Management
Competency
Planning and
Administration
Competency
Strategic
Action
Competency
Nature of Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
is
Goal-oriented.
Universal.
an Integrative Force.
a Social Process.
Multidisciplinary.
Continuous Process.
Intangible.
an Art as well as Science.
Management is Goal-Oriented:
Management has no justification to
exist without goals. Management goals
are called group goals or organisational
goals. The basic goal of management is
to ensure efficiency and economy in the
utilisation of human, physical and
financial resources. The success of
management is measured by the extent
to which the established goals one
achieved.
Management is Universal:
Management is an essential element of every
organised activity irrespective of the size or type
of activity.
Wherever two or more persons are engaged in
working for a common goal, management is
necessary. All types of organisations, e.g., family,
club, university, government, army, cricket team or
business, require management. Thus, management is
a pervasive activity. The fundamental principles of
management are applicable in all areas of organised
effort. Managers at all levels perform the same
basic functions.
Management is an Integrative
Force:
The essence of management lies in
the coordination of individual efforts
in to a team. Management reconciles
the individual goals with organisational
goals.
Management is Multidisciplinary:
Management has to deal with human
behaviour
under
dynamic
conditions.
Therefore, it depends upon wide knowledge
derived from several disciplines like
engineering,
sociology,
psychology,
economics, anthropology, etc. The vast
body of knowledge in management draws
heavily upon other fields of study
Management is a Continuous
Process:
Management is a dynamic and an ongoing
process.
The
cycle
of
management continues to operate so
long as there is organised action for
the achievement of group goals.
Management is Intangible:
Management is an unseen or invisible
force. It cannot be seen but its
presence can be felt everywhere in
the form of results. However, the
managers who perform the functions
of management are
very much tangible
and visible.
Scope Of Management
Production Management:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM:
Marketing Management:
MARKETING
MANAGEMENT:
Financial Management:
a) Selecting the appropriate source of
funds
b) Raising the required funds at the
right time
c) Administration of earnings
d) Estimating the volume
of fund.
Personnel Management:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
manpower planning
recruitments,
selection,
training
appraisal,
promotions and transfers,
compensation,
employee welfare services, and
personnel records and research,
etc.
Levels Of Management
The
top
level
management
generally occupied by the
ownership group. It is
the highest level in the
managerial hierarchy and
the ultimate source of
authority in the organisation.
is
PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT
The father of
modern
management Henri
fayol, described
firstly the process
of management
in 5-terms-
Planning :
which
goals
the
organization will pursue.
Deciding what courses of action to
adopt to attain those goals.
Deciding how to
allocate organizational
Resources.
Organizing :
Organizing
is
about
setting
up
and
maintaining
the
internal
organizational
structure in accordance with objectives
mentioned in planning stage. It
also involves assigning
tasks to various individuals
for the larger goal of
organization's missions
and objectives.
Organizing:
Involves
grouping
people
into
departments according to the kinds of
job-specific tasks they perform.
Managers lay out lines of authority and
responsibility.
Decide how to coordinate organizational
resources.
Staffing :
Directing :
Controlling :
SYSTEM APPROACH
SYSTEM: A Definition
A set of detailed methods,
procedures, and routines established
or formulated to carry out a specific
activity, perform a duty, or solve a
problem.
NATURE OF A SYSTEM
A system is a combination of parts and sub
systems.
Parts and sub parts of a system are mutually
related to each other.
Arrangement in a system is more important.
System transforms inputs into outputs.
Prevalence of boundary.
Closed and open system.
FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
AS A SYSTEM
Management as a social system
Management as open system
Adaptive
Dynamic
Probabilistic
Multi level and multidimensional
Multivariable
An integrated approach
System approach to
Management
It is a collection of interrelated parts acting
Elements of System
Approach
association and interaction with the other subsystems. As a result the collective contribution
of the organization is greater than the
aggregate of individual contribution of its subsystems. This is known as SYNERGY.
Each system has a boundary that separates it
from its environment. The boundary determines
which parts are internal to organization and
which are external.
Elements of System
Approach
The reactions or response of the environment
CLASSIFICATION OF
SYSTEMS
OPEN SYSTEM
CLOSED SYSTEM
OPEN SYSTEM
An open system actively interacts
with its environment. By interacting
with other systems, it tries to
establish exchange relationships.
Open systems
have feedback
Mechanism.
CLOSED SYSTEM
Closed systems have no interaction
with environment
Closed system are self contained and
self maintaining
Closed systems are mechanical
Closed systems are like
closed loops.