Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Computer Basics
Introduction to Computers and Computer Technology
Programming
Game
Development
Software
Engineering
Software
Development
Networking
Security
System
Administration
Information
Technology
Networking
and IT
Digital
Media
History
Perspective
Social issues
Economic issues
Ethic issues
Consumer issues
General
Education
Role of Algorithms
Hardware
Software
Programming
Program
Algorithm
Abacus
300 BC by Babylonians
around 1200 A.D. in China and Japan
Punched cards
First used in Jacquard Loom (1801) to store patterns for weaving
cloth
Storage of programs in Babbages Analytical Engine
Popular through the 1970s
6
Early programming
Early Computers
Vacuum
tube
Transistor
Microchip
10
1946 - ENIAC
First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic
11
12
1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder
of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or
microchip).
An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged
together on a single sliver of silicon.
It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single,
smaller device, the microchip.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWVywhzuHnQ&feature=related
13
Intel 4004
108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors
14
15
Apple Computers
16
Laptops
17
Faster
Smaller
More reliable
Less
expensive
Easier to use
19
Fifth Generation
20
Computer Basics
21
What is a computer?
23
Super computers
fast processing power
used by NASA and similar organizations
Example: CRAY supercomputers
24
Mainframe
Computers
Personal Computers
Desktop computers
Laptop computers
Tablets
Wearables
27
Hardware = The
physical components
that make up a
computer system.
28
Software = The
programs (instructions)
that tell the computer
what to do.
System Software
Application Software
Stored on a storage
media such as hard
disk, CD-ROM, floppy
disk, tape, etc.
29
Hardware Components
PROCESS
INPUT
Know these!
SYSTEM UNIT
OUTPUT
PERMANENT
STORAGE
30
SYSTEM UNIT
OUTPUT
PERMANENT
STORAGE
31
The Processor
Lets open the box!
32
The Processor
circuit board = a board with
integrated circuits
(microchips)
system board or
motherboard
interface boards or expansion
boards
system board or motherboard =
a single circuit board with the
components which make up
the computers processor for a
microcomputer, including the:
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Memory
RAM
ROM or ROM BIOS
expansion slots
33
34
35
RAM
ROM (Read Only Memory) = integrated circuits (microchips) that are used
to permanently store start-up (boot) instructions and other critical
information
Read Only = information which:
Cannot be changed
Cannot be removed
Fixed by manufacturer
37
38
Computer Performance:
39
Software
System Software
Application Software
40
Application Software
42
Windows
95/98/XP
43
No GUI
MS DOS / Command Prompt
Linux / Unix
44