Frequency selective

networks

There are man frequency selective

networks, the most common two
networks are the series and parallel
resonant circuits

Series resonant circuit

In
this
kind
of
circuits,
at
the
resonant frequency
the
inductor
and
capacitors has equal
impedances
with
opposite signs
At
the
resonant
frequency vO will be
in phase with vi
The quality factor for
this circuit is given
by
2

Series resonant circuit

The quality factor gives an indication of

the bandwidth of the circuit
Narrower bandwidth means that the
circuit has a larger quality factor as shown
in the Figure

3-dB

f1

f2

Series resonant circuit

The quality factor is defined according to

the following equation

O
Q
B

The bandwidth is defined as the difference

between f1 and f2
At these two particular frequencies the
signal amplitude is less by 3 dB as
indicated by the figure in slide 3

Series resonant circuit

example
Example: Design a filter to couple a voltage
source, with negligible source impedance,
to a 50 ohm load resistance. The
specifications are that the filter center
frequency be 5 MHz and the bandwidth be
100 kHz
Solution
From the quality factor we find that

R
50
L
79.6 H
5
B 2 10

Series resonant circuit

example
Solution
The capacitance value can be found from

f0
C

1
2

2
0

f L

1
2 LC
1

5 10

5 2

79.6 10 6

12.7 F

Series resonant circuit

The circuit gain at any frequency can be

determined from

nO R / L
A( jnO ) 2
2
(n 1) O

The attenuation at any harmonic can be

found from

A( jnO )
n

2
A( jO )
Q(n 1)

Series resonant circuit

example
Example: A series tuned circuit is to be used to
filter out harmonics of a waveform. What must
be the minimum Q for the amplitude of the fifth
harmonic to be 40 dB below the amplitude of
the fundamental frequency
Solution
40 dB corresponds to a voltage ratio of 100:1, n=5

5
A( jO 5) 0.01
2
Q(5 1)

This means that Q=20.83

Parallel resonant circuit

In
parallel
resonant
circuit
two
susceptances are added in parallel, so
that the admittance, instead of impedance
is a minimum at fO

Parallel resonant circuit

In practical life the inductor usually has a

finite resistance, therefore a more
accurate model for the parallel resonant
circuit is shown below

10

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Reactive networks can be used to match

impedances over a narrow frequency
range
These networks can also be used to filter
out some harmonics

11

Impedance matching

The input impedance of the two networks

shown in the next slide are equal provided

Z i Rs jX s

R p jX p
R p jX p

R p X p2
R X
2
p

2
p

R p2 X p
R X
2
p

2
p

If we take the real and imaginary parts

and equate them we get the following

12

Impedance matching

The previous equations can be rewritten

as

13

Impedance matching

14

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Example: The input impedance of a transistor

amplifier is equal to 10 in series with 0.2
H. Design a matching network so that the
input impedance is 50 at 20 MHz
Solution:
At 20 MHz the inductive reactance of a 0.2 H
inductor is 25.1 . The combined impedance
of the circuit became 10+j25.1 .
To do the impedance transformation we can
use the equation
2
2

Rs X s
Rp
Rs

15

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Solution:
Or

10 2 X s2
50
10

X s 50 10 100 20

in order to convert the real part of the

impedance to 50 , the imaginary part
became Xs=20 .
In order to convert the 25.1 to 20 a
series reactance of -j5.1 must be
added to the circuit.

1
j 5.1
j 2fc

c 1.56 nF
17

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Solution:
Now Xp can be found from

R X
jX p j
Xs
2
s

2
s

10 20
jX p j
j 25
20
2

if a reactance of j25 is added in parallel

with the circuit as shown in the figure of
the next slide then input impedance
became exactly 50
The j25 reactance results from the
impedance of a capacitor 318 pF
18

19

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Example: Design a lossless matching

network to couple the impedance shown
in the fig. below to a 50 source
impedance at 20 MHz

20

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

solution: Since the series to parallel

transformation always results in a parallel
resistance larger than 50 , there is no
series
reactance
that
will
directly
transform the 100 resistor to a parallel
equivalent of 50
The matching circuit can be solved based on
the following equation

21

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

Solution:

The input impedance of the circuit is

Z i 50 j 50
This can be brought to 50 only by adding a
j50 reactance in series with the above
mentioned circuit.
The completed solution will similar to the one
shown in the next circuit
22

Impedance matching and

harmonic filtering using
reactive networks

23