INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN:

THE BASICS

INTRODUCTION
Clarifying the terms:
Instructional Design (ID)
Instructional Systems Design (ISD)
Instructional Systems Design &
Development (ISDD)
Systems Approach to Training (SAT)

jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION
Instructiona
l
Design

a set of events
that facilitate
learning

a creative
pattern or
a rational,
logical,
sequential
process
intended to
solve problems

Clarifying
the
terms

jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION
What is Instructional Design?
Instructional Design is the systematic
process of translating general principles
of learning and instruction into plans for
instructional materials and activities.

jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION
What is Instructional Design?
Instructional Design is the systematic
development of instructional specifications
using learning and instructional theory to
ensure the quality of instruction.
It is the entire process of analysis of learning
needs and goals and the development of a
delivery system to meet those needs.
It includes development of instructional
materials and activities; and tryout and
evaluation of all instruction and learner
activities.
jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION
Role of Instructional Design?
Systematic process of instructional design
enables you to:
Identify a performance problem
Determine the goals and objectives
Define your learners and their needs
Develop strategies to meet needs and
goals
Assess learning outcomes
Evaluate if goals, objectives, and needs
are met
jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION
Why Instructional Design?
This systematic approach ensures:
There is a need for training.
The learning events are well-designed.
Quality training materials are developed.
Learning events are implemented using
appropriate strategies or approaches.
Learning events are evaluated to ensure
that learning has taken place.

jharun@utm.my

INTRODUCTION: REFLECT
How would you use ID for generating long
term strategy for meeting training
needs?
You want to implement an innovative
training & development project that has
not been done before. How can you use
the ID model to help you? How might it
hinder you?
Your manager wants you to "develop" a
training program. Does this mean you
should not do any analysis or design?
jharun@utm.my

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
MODEL

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL

What is Instructional Design Model ?
Procedural and conceptual models.
Based on theory (learning theory,
systems theory) or practice (company,
military, software development).
Give us structure and meaning to a
problem.
Examples of Instructional Design Model?
jharun@utm.my

10

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL
There are numerous instructional design
models:
ADDIE Model
ASSURE Model
Dick & Carey Model
Hannafin & Peck Model
Waterfall Model
Rapid Prototyping Model
Hipermedia Design Model
Multimedia Design Model
jharun@utm.my

11

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL

jharun@utm.my

12

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL

jharun@utm.my

13

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL
A
S
S
U
R
E

Analyze Learners
State Objectives
Select Methods, Media & Materials
Utilize Media & Materials
Require Learner Participation
Evaluate & Revise

Assure Model
jharun@utm.my

14

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL

Waterfall Model (Traditional)

jharun@utm.my

Waterfall Model (Modified)

15

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL

jharun@utm.my

16

EXAMPLES OF ID MODEL

jharun@utm.my

Hypermedia Design Model

17

ID MODEL: ESSENTIAL PHASES

Can you list all the

essestial phases in ID
Model ???
jharun@utm.my

18

ID MODEL: FIVE ESSENTIAL PHASES

Five essestial phases in ID Model:
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation

jharun@utm.my

19

ID MODEL: ANALYSIS PHASE

Basis for all other phases in the
instructional design process.
To identify barriers or constraints:
define the problems
Identify the audeinces
identify the cause of the problems
determine possible solutions.

jharun@utm.my

20

ID MODEL: DESIGN PHASE

How will the content be organized?
How will it be presented to learners?
What delivery format will be used?
What types of activities and exercises will
be included?
How will learners' accomplishments be
measured?

jharun@utm.my

21

ID MODEL: DEVELOPMENT PHASE

Focus on generating the course documents
and materials used by faculty, trainers and
participants during the delivery of the
course.
Outputs of this phase include competencybased learning guides and checklists, preand midcourse questionnaires,computer
based learning/traning, web page,
trainers notes, presentation plans,
assignment sheets, case studies, etc.

jharun@utm.my

22

ID MODEL: IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

The implementation phase of the
instructional design process refers to the
actual delivery of the instruction as
designed.
Competency-based as part of mastery
learning
Inservice and preservice delivery
Group-based, computer-based

jharun@utm.my

23

ID MODEL: EVALUATION PHASE

The systematic collection, processing,
analysis and interpretation of data to
determine whether education or training
has met its objectives and to identify
aspects of the process that should be
strengthened.
Types of evaluation include participant
reaction, participant learning, on-the-job
performance and effect of training.

jharun@utm.my

24

ID MODEL: REFLECT
Question: Until now - did you use
instructional Design?
What is your opinion concerning the use of
Instructional Design Models in eLearning?

jharun@utm.my

25

ID MODEL : ADVANTAGES &

DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
Cost effective
Saves time and trouble
Promotes effective learning
Systematic
Disadvantages
Very linear
Constraining, limits creativity
Time-consuming to implement
jharun@utm.my

26

NEXT WEEK ???

What is Active Learning ?
Active Learning criteria?
Why Active Learning ?
Active Learning techniques ?
How technology can help ?

jharun@utm.my

27