DRAFT BEE CODE LIGHTING

Prepared by

Devki Energy Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.

Vadodara
devkienergy @sify.com

OBJECTIVES
To determine the overall energy efficiency of lighting
systems using measurements and methods suitable for
fieldconditions.

Todeterminetheenergyefficiencyoflightingwithrespect
to the illuminance available at task areas and non-task
areas.

To recommend illuminance levels suitable for various

activities
Toprovideguidelinesforidentifyingenergysavingoptions
inlighting

SCOPE
Thiscodedefinesanddescribesthemethods
forevaluatingenergyefficiencyoflighting
systemsinthefollowingendusercategories.

1.Industrial buildings
2.Hospitals
3.Hotels
4.Commercial buildings

Thefollowingstandardshavebeenreferredfor
preparingthiscode.

1. IS3646:Codeofpracticeforinteriorillumination-
July1991
2. IS6665:Codeofpracticeforindustriallighting
May1997
3. SP:32Handbookonfunctionalrequirementsof
IndustrialBuildings-1986(BISpublication)
4. CIBSECodeforInteriorLighting-Chartered
InstitutionofBuildingServiceEngineers-UK
5. IES-ASHRAEStandard90.1
6. CodeofpracticeforEnergyEfficiencyofLighting
Installations-EMCDGovt.ofHongKong

Efficiencyevaluationoflightingsystem,
definedanddescribedinthiscode,
includesthemeasurementoffollowing
parameters.

1.Illuminancelevels
2.Powerconsumptioninlightfittings
3.Roomdimensions,roomindexetc.

GUIDINGPRINCIPLES

Theefficiencyofalightsourceisindicatedbyluminous
efficacy,lm/Watt.Manufacturersusuallygivethisvalue
aftertestingthelampsatlaboratories.
Allthelightemittedbythelampdoesnotreachthework
area.Somelightisabsorbedbytheluminaire,walls,floors
&roofetc.Theilluminancemeasured,inlumens/m2i.e.lux,
indicateshowmuchlighti.e.lumensisavailablepersq.
metreofthemeasurementplane.
Thiscodecorrelateslumens/m2reachingtheworkingplane
withthepowerconsumptionperm2.
Thiscodealsodistinguishesrequiredilluminanceintask
andnon-taskareas.

 Targetluminousefficacy(lm/Watts)ofthelightsourceisthe
ratiooflumensthatcanbemadeavailableattheworkplane
underbestluminousefficacyofsource,roomreflectance,
mountingheightandthepowerconsumptionofthelamp
circuit.Ideally,wewouldexpectthetargetluminousefficacy
tobeavailableontheworkplane.

However,overaperiodoftimethelightoutputfromthe
lampgetsreduced,roomsurfacesbecomesdull,luminaires
becomesdirtyandhencethelightavailableonthework
planedeviatesfromthetargetvalue.Theratiooftheactual
luminousefficacyontheworkplaneandthetarget
luminousefficacyattheworkplaneistheInstalledLoad
EfficacyRatio(ILER).

 Asecondaspectofefficiencyofutilisationisto
takeintoaccount,thelightavailableattaskand
non-taskareas.Usuallyforcommercialareas,the
recommendedilluminanceatthenon-taskareasis
atleastone-thirdoftheaveragetaskilluminance,
whilekeepingaminimumilluminancerequiredat
thehorizontalplanetobe20lux.Fromilluminance
measurements,theratioofilluminanceatnontask
areasandtaskareascanbeestimatedto
understandwhetherthenon-taskilluminancelevel
isexcessive.

Pre-testRequirements
Measurementofilluminanceinanelectricallightingsystem
shouldbedoneafterdark.Withinterferenceofdaylight,
dualmeasurementswithlightsONandlightsOFFcanbe
followedprovidedthesurveytimeisnottoolong.

Inaninstallationofgasdischargelamps,thelampsmustbe
switchedonatleast30minutesbeforethemeasurementto
allowforthelampstobecompletelywarmedup.

Inmanysituations,themeasuringplanemaynotbe
specifiedorevennon-existent.Henceitisnecessaryto
definemeasurementheight,typically0.8to1meterfromthe
groundorfloorlevel.

 Straylightfromsurroundingrooms,spacesand
throughexternalwindowsshouldbeminimisedbyuse
ofblinds,curtains,etc.

Anyautomaticlightingcontrolordaylightlinked
controlsshouldbesetsuchthattheoutputofthe
lampsisatfullpowerandwillnotvaryduringthetests.
Alllightingintheareathatwouldnormallyilluminate
theareashouldbeoperating.

Itisconvenienttohaveasecondpersonrecordingthe
readingscalledoutbythepersonmovingthephotocell.

Precautions
Caremustbetakennottoshadowthe
photocellwhenmakingmeasurements.
Insingle-phasesupplyofpowerfor
lightinginanarea,whenmeasuringlamp
circuitpowerusingaclampontypemeter,
measurethepowerpreferablyonthe
phaseconductor.

InstrumentsAndMethodsOfMeasurements

Instrumentand
range

Accuracy

Power

1.0%

Voltage

0.5%

Illuminance

5%

MeasurementofIlluminance,CircuitPower
andInstalledLoadEfficacyRatio
Chronologicalorderofmeasurementsandcalculationsare
asfollows.

Toestimateaverageilluminanceandtotallumensavailable
onmeasurementplane:

1. Readandcomplywiththepre-testrequirementsexplained.

2. Defineworkspacewhereevaluationistobedone,sayan
officeroom,restaurantetc.

3. Measurement of room length L, width W and mounting

heightHm

4. CalculateofroomindexRoomIndex,

LW
Hm L W

RI=LxW
Hmx(L+W)
5. BasedonRoomIndex,determinetheminimumnumberof
illuminancemeasurementpointsrequiredanddistributethese
pointsevenlyintheroom.Refersection4.2.2.

6.Measureilluminanceusingacalibratedluxmeterateachpoint.
Calculatetheaveragevalueofmeasuredilluminanceatall
points.IfE1,E2,,Enareilluminancemeasurementsatpoints
1,2,.,n

E1 E 2 E 3 ......... En
Average illu min ance, Eav
correction factor
N

CorrectionFactorsforLuxMeters
LightSource

CorrectionFactor

MercuryLamp

1.05

FluorescentLamp

0.99

SodiumLamp

1.11

Daylight

0.95

MinimumNumberofPoints
forIlluminanceMeasurments
RoomIndex

For+/-5%
accuracy

For+/-10%
accuracy

RI<1

1<RI<2

18

2<RI<3

32

16

RI>3

50

25

7. Multiplyaverageilluminancewiththeareatogettotal
luminousflux(lumens)incidentonthemeasurementplane.

Totalavailablelumensonthemeasurementplane=Average
illuminanceX(LXW)
i.e. m=EavXLXW

InstalledLoadEfficacy,ILE
=Averageluminousfluxonthesurface,lm/W
Circuitwatts

Toestimatetotalcircuitpowerconsumption:
8. Measurepowerconsumptionoflamps.Ifall
lampsaresuppliedfromasinglesourceofpower,
totalpowerofalllightfittingscanbemeasured.If
totalpowerisnotmeasurable,trytomeasure
powerconsumptionofatleast1or2lampsand
calculatethetotalpowerconsumption.

ToestimateTargetInstalledLoadEfficacy:

9. Thevaluesoftargetinstalledloadefficacy,TLE,
isgivenherefordifferenttypesofapplications
androomindexvalues.

RecommendedTLEvalues
Room Commercial&clean
index industrialareassuchas
offices,retailstores,
hospitals,hotels,control
rooms.Requirementof
standardorgoodcolour
rendering.CRI=40-85

Industriallighting
Industrial
(manufacturing
lighting(Areas
areas,workshops, wherecolour
warehousingetc.) renderingisnot
Requirementof
essential,but
standardcolour
somecolour
rendering.
discrimination
isrequired)
CRI=20-40

36

CRI=40-85

1.25

40

33

52

1.5

43

36

55

46

39

58

2.5

48

42

61

50

44

64

52

46

65

53

48

66

ToEstimateILER:

Installed Load Capacity

Installed Load efficacy ratio, ILER
ILER indicates the efficiency of lighting end use. The following
table
be used to qualify
T arg
etcanInstalled
Load efficacy
comments.

ILER
0.75 or above
0.51 to 0.74
0.5 or less

Assessment
Satisfactory to good
Review suggested
Urgent action
required

ThereasonsforILERtobelowerthan
desiredcanbeduetoanyofthefollowing.
1.Inefficientlampsand/orhighlossballasts
2.HigherthanrecommendedMountingheightoflamps
3.Improperorinefficientluminaires
4.Dirtyluminaires
5.Poorreflectanceofwall,floorandroof
6.Lumendepreciationoflampsduetoaging.
7. Lowvoltageleadingtolowerlumenoutput

EstimatingTaskLightingEffectiveness
(DiversityRatio)
Estimation of task lighting effectiveness
involves measurement of illuminance on
task and non-task areas. The diversity
ratio is the ratio of average illuminance on
task area and average illuminance on nontask area and is expected to be 3:1 for
effective task lighting for usual commercial
areas. For fine reading applications
requiring lumens more than 700 lux, this
ratio can be 10:1.

Chronologicalorderofmeasurementsand
calculationisasfollows.
1. Thecalculationofeffectivenessoftasklightingisgivenfor
illuminanceupto300lux,whichisagoodlightinglevelfor
usualcommercialtasks,manufacturingareasetc.Fromthe
illuminancemeasurements,estimatetheaverageilluminance
ontaskareasandaverageilluminanceonnon-taskareas
separately.

2. Iftaskarea=Ataskandnon-taskarea=Anon-task,

Thenumberofilluminancemeasurementspointsontask
areas

Itisrecommendedtotakemeasurementsatmorenumberof
pointsadditionallytoimproveaccuracy.

Atask
Total number of illu min ance measuremen t po int s as per Table 4.2
Atask Anon task


3. Measureilluminanceattask&non-taskareas

4. CalculatethediversityratioEav-task:Eav-nontask.

Eav-task=Averageilluminanceontaskarea
Eav-nontask=Averageilluminanceonnon-taskarea

IfDiversityRatio=Eav-task:Eav-nontask=3:1,thetasklightingeffectiveness
canbeconsideredtobesatisfactoryforgenerallightingpurposes.

Ifhighilluminanceoftheorderof700-1000-2000luxisrequiredfortasks,
thediversityratiocanbe10:1.

Ifthediversityratioislessthan3:1,thatis,ifthenon
taskarealightingismorethan33%oftasklighting,
thereisaneedtoreviewlightingscheme.However,it
shouldbenotedthatatleast20luxshouldbe
availableatnontaskareas.

Themeasurestoimprovediversityratiocaninclude:

1.Reducingmountingheightsorprovidingtask
lightsfortaskareas
2.Switchingoff/relocatinglampsinnon-task areas.

Samplecalculation-1

AnofficeroomischosenforestimationofILERand
effectivenessoftasklightinginthisexample.For
length,L=7.5mandwidthW=5m.

Value

Unit

Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Date:

Timeofmeasurement

4:00pm

Roomidentification

Officearea

Typeofactivity

Reading,writing

Numberoflamps

Lengthofroom

7.5

Widthofroom

10

Floorarea

C8*C9

37.5

m2

11

Heightoflampfromthe
planeofmeasurement

12

Roomindex

C10/
(C11*(C8+C
9))

1.5

13

Numberofilluminance

Takevalue

18

Case1-EstimationofILERandDiversityRatio

B
Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Value

Unit

14 Averageroomilluminance

84

lux

15 Measured/estimatedcircuitpower

350

16 InstalledLightingEfficacy

C14*C10/C15

9.0

lm/W

17 TargetLightingefficacy

Takevalue
fromtable5.1
ofCode

43

lm/W

18 InstalledLightingefficacyratio

C16/C17

0.22

19

20 Averageilluminanceontaskareas

96.7

21 Averageilluminanceonnon-task
areas

77.1

22 Diversityratio

C20/C21

1.25

Samplecalculation-2

AnotherofficeroomischosenforestimationofILER
andeffectivenessoftasklightinginthisexample.For
length,L=18.4mandwidthW=12.29m.

Value

Unit

Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Date:

Timeofmeasurement

4:30pm

Roomidentification

Officearea

Typeofactivity

Reading,writing

Numberoflamps

64

Lengthofroom

18.4

Widthofroom

12.29

10

Floorarea

C8*C9

226.04

m2

11

Heightoflampfromthe
planeofmeasurement

1.65

12

Roomindex

C10/
(C11*(C8+C
9))

4.46

13

Numberofilluminance

Takevalue

63

Case2-EstimationofILERandDiversityRatio

B
Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Value

Unit

14 Averageroomilluminance

144

lux

15 Measured/estimatedcircuitpower

2284.8

16 InstalledLightingEfficacy

C14*C10/C15

14

lm/W

17 TargetLightingefficacy

Takevalue
fromtable5.1
ofCode

52

lm/W

18 InstalledLightingefficacyratio

C16/C17

0.27

19

20 Averageilluminanceontaskareas

149

21 Averageilluminanceonnon-task
areas

137

22 Diversityratio

C20/C21

1.09

Samplecalculation-3

AnotherofficeroomischosenforestimationofILER
andeffectivenessoftasklightinginthisexample.For
length,L=7.5mandwidthW=4m.

Value

Unit

Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Date:

Timeofmeasurement

4:30pm

Roomidentification

Officearea

Typeofactivity

Reading,writing

Numberoflamps

Lengthofroom

7.5

Widthofroom

10

Floorarea

C8*C9

30

m2

11

Heightoflampfromthe
planeofmeasurement

12

Roomindex

C10/
(C11*(C8+C
9))

1.3

13

Numberofilluminance

Takevalue

18

Case3-EstimationofILER

B
Equationto
beusedin
columnC

Value

Unit

14 Averageroomilluminance

80

lux

15 Measured/estimatedcircuitpower

52

16 InstalledLightingEfficacy

C14*C10/C15

46

lm/W

17 TargetLightingefficacy

Takevalue
fromtable5.1
ofCode

52

lm/W

18 InstalledLightingefficacyratio

C16/C17

0.89

SomeofthemeasurestoimproveILERinthissamplecase
-1canbe:

Providemirroropticsluminairesforlamps.Manylampsdo
nothavereflectors

Replaceexisting36Wlampsandelectromagneticballast
bymoreefficientT5tubelightshavingelectronicballasts.

Reducemountingheightoflampsto1.5metresfromthe
workingplane.Thiscanincreaseilluminanceonwork
planewithoutspendingmorepower.Thishelpsin
improvingILER.

Improvereflectanceofwalls&ceilingbyprovidinglight
coloured,preferablywhite,paintedsurface.

Measurestoimprovetasklightingeffectiveness
Properrelocationoflightsourcestoimprove
tasklightingandincreasediversityratioto3:1.
Reducethemountingheightfromexisting2.0
metreto1.5metre

InadditiontotheBEE Code, The

Best Practice Manualisaguidefor
somebasicinformationonlamps
andidentifyingenergysaving
opportunitiesinlighting.

Thank you!