VIRUS

By:
Tim MGMP BIOLOGI
MAN Insan Cendekia
Serpong

KOMPETENSI DASAR
3.3 Menerapkan pemahaman tentang virus berkaitan
dengan ciri, replikasi, dan peran virus dalam aspek
kesehatan masyarakat.
Indikator :
3.3.1 menggali informasi tentang ciri-ciri virus
3.3.2 mendiskusikan perbedaan replikasi lisis dan
lisogenik pada virus
3.3.3 menggali informasi dan mempresentasikan
peranan virus pada manusia

KOMPETENSI DASAR
4.3 Menyajikan data tentang ciri, replikasi, dan peran
virus dalam aspek kesehatan dalam bentuk
model/charta.
Indikator:
4.3.1 Menyajikan data ciri-ciri virus
4.3.2 mendiskusikan cara replikasi virus
4.3.4 mempresentasikan peranan satu macam jenis
virus pada manusia

Apakah Anda sudah mengenal

Virus??

A protected assesses to
ensure defense from
the infection is to
undergo HIV checking
on a normal basis

Materi Kajian
VIRUS
Sejarah tentang Virus
Ciri ciri Virus
Replikasi Virus, dan
Peran virus dalam aspek kesehatan
masyarakat

Metode Pembelajaran
Studi literatur tentang
peranan virus
Mengkomunikasikan hasil
studi literatur di kelas
Diskusi kelompok dan Tanya
jawab

Virus = Racun
Sub-Microorganisms, 20 300 m
Peralihan Makhluk Tak Hidup - Makhluk Hidup
VIROLOGY

HISTORY OF VIRUS INVENTION

1. Mayer

(Germany, 1883)

He observed the tobacco leaves which had mosaic

disease (caused retarded growth and yellow
spotted) and the disease was infectious.
He sprayed the extract of the infected leaves to
the healthy tobacco plant which was also infected,
but he couldnt find anything on that infected plant
CONCLUSION = the disease was caused by a kind of
bacteria which was very fine and small that it cant
be seen by using a microscope

2. DIMITRI IVANOWSKY

(Russia, 1893)

He performed an experiment to test the conclusion

of A. Mayer
He filtered the sap extract of infected tobacco
leaves using a ceramic
filter that couldnt be penetrated by bacteria, then
sprayed the filtrate to the healthy tobacco leaves
the result = the healthy tobacco leaves became
infected as well

HIS CONCLUSION:
a. The cause of the mosaic disease on tobacco leaves
is a pathogenic bacteria with a very small size that
can pass the bacterial filter.
b. That pathogenic bacteria produced a toxin, so that
it can pass
the bacterial
filter
The second
conclusion
of Dimitri
Ivanowsky was then
rejected by Martinus W. Beijerink in 1897

3. MARTINUS W. BEIJERINK (Netherlands, 1897)

His experiment was by spraying the filtrate of mosaic
infected leave to the healthy leaves which then
became infected as well.
The new infected leaves were extracted and filtered,
then the filtrate was then sprayed to the other healthy
leaves which also became infected by the disease.
These procedures were repeated many times.
His experimental results:
1)The

pathogen was reproducing, this was proved by the fact that

every healthy tobacco leave being sprayed by the infected
filtrate had also became infected with the disease;
2)The

pathogen could reproduce only in the treated plant, it

couldnt be reproduced in the bacterial media; and
3)The

pathogen was able to live in alcohol (which usually kill the

bacteria)

CONCLUSION:
h pathogenic particle has smaller size than bacteria a
can only live inside the body of living organisms

4. WENDELL STANLEY (USA, 1935)

-He crystallized the mosaic disease agent that is a pathogenic particle
-He named it TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS (TMV)

CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES:
Composed of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) and capsid
(proteinous shell)
Various shapes = circle (e.g. influenza, polio), oval
(e.g. rabies), rod (e.g. smallpox or chicken-pox), Tshape (Bacteriophage), polyhidric (e.g. Adenovirus
causing fever), and mosaic (e.g. TMV)
The mature particle of virus which is already
complete and mature, but inactive is called VIRION
There is no protoplasm or plasmic membrane
Several viruses can only live in one species or one
type of tissue, but several others can live in more
than one host
Transition between nonliving things and living
organisms, since they dont have the complete life

VARIOUS SHAPES OF VIRUSES:

CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES:

NON-LIVING THINGS = can be crystallized & no protoplasm

LIVING ORGANISMS = can reproduce and metabolize
s can only show the life characteristics inside the living cell o
because the virus doesnt have enzyme to synthesize nucleic

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITE

Recognize the host cell through LOCK AND KEY MECHANISM

The KEY = virion protein
The LOCK = receptor site on the surface of the host cell

REPRODUCTION = PROLIFERATION
A. LYTIC CYCLE

Founder = Frederict Twort & Felix dHerelle

Virus = Bacteriophage (bacteria eater); Condition = virulen
Host = Escherichia coli bacteria
The host cell becomes lysed (broken open) and dies

REPRODUCTION = PROLIFERATION
B. LYSOGENIC CYCLE
Condition = non virulent or low virulent;
Host cell = not lysed/not die
Temperate viruses, e.g. Phage (found by Esther
Lederberg, 1951)
carries the prophage

REPRODUKSI VIRUS

Yuk. Kerjakan Tugas yaa

Silakan memilih kertas undian
Setiap siswa akan memperoleh satu masalah
yang disebabkan oleh gangguan Virus
Silakan Anda telusuri yang berkaitan dengan:
Nama Virus
Tipe asam nukleat Virus (DNA/RNA)
Bagian / organ / sel yang diserang
Cara penularan
Cara pencegahan dan penanggulangan
serangan
Wilayah persebaran saat ini

Tugas dipresentasikan minggu depan

THE ROLES OF VIRUS IN HUMANS LIFE

ADVANTAGES
A. INDIRECTLY
Control E. coli or
other pathogenic
bacteria
B. DIRECTLY
In the processes of
genetic engineering (e.g
reducing the bacterial
virulence if the virus is
the form of profage)
Vaccine production

DISADVANTAGES
A. IN ANIMALS
food-mouth virus in cattles
Avian-influenza virus in chicken/birds

B. IN PLANTS
RNA Viruses: Tobomovirus (in tobacco),
Potaxvirus (in potatoes), Cucumovirus
(mosaic in cucumber), Tungrovirus (in
rice plant, causing retarded growth)
DNA Viruses: Caulimovirus (causing a
disease in cauliflower plants), as well as
Germinivirus (causing a viral infection
in corn plants)

DISADVANTAGES OF VIRUS FOR HUMANS LIFE

A. RNA VIRUSES

Lyssavirus rabies; by saliva

Coronavirus respiration infection
Rhinovirus polio, influenze; by food
vaccine = Sabin Salk
Mobilivirus measle, throat infection
Arenavirus meningitis; by air (hot)
Mostadinovirus eye trachoma; by air
Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A; by air
abiesvirus rabies (mad dog); by bite
HIV (Human Infection Virus) AIDS
Ebolavirus hemorrhagic fever ebola,
liver and kidney disfunction
Onkogenvirus cancer

B. DNA VIRUSES
Herpesvirus varicelae
chicken-pox; by air
Vaccine = E. Jenner
Orthopoxvirus smallpox
Papilomavirus wart
Hepatitis-B-virus Hep-B by the
blood transfusion,bite,sexual way
Arbovirus dengue-fever, by the
bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito

TYPES OF VIRUSES BASED ON THEIR HOSTS CELLS

1.

Bacterial Viruses (= Bacteriophage or Phage or bacteria eater)

containing DNA; e.g. phage T4 virus in bacteria E. coli
2. Viruses of Eukaryotic microorganisms
their hosts are eukaryotic microorganisms e.g. Protozoans and
Fungi; primarily containing RNA; e.g. Mycovirus in Fungi
3. Plant viruses
mostly containing RNA; e.g. TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus)
4. Animal viruses
in animal or human cells; containing DNA or RNA
e.g. Herpesvirus in human and food-and-mouth virus in cattles

Virus berasal dari bahasa Latin yang berarti racun.

Penemuan virus dimulai pada tahun 1883 oleh A. Mayer, ilmuwan Jerman. memulainya
dengan meneliti penyakit mosaic pada tembakau. Kemudian Mayer menemukan bahwa
penyakit tersebut menular ke tanaman tembakau lain ketika ia menyemprotkan ekstrak tanaman
berpenyakit ke tanaman yang sehat. Mayer berkesimpulan bahwa penyakit ini disebabkan oleh
bakteri yang sangat kecil.
Kesimpulan Mayer diuji pada tahun 1892 oleh ilmuwan Rusia bernama Dmitri
Iwanowski. Iwasnowski menyaring ekstrak daun tembakau yang berpenyakit dan filtratnya
disemprotkan ke tanaman tembakau yang sehat. Namun tanaman itu tertular juga. Iwanowski
menduga bahwa penyakit mosaic ini disebabkan oleh suatu organism yang sangat kecil, lebih
kecil dibanding bakteri.
Enam tahun kemudian, Martinus W. Beijerinck, seorang ilmuwan Belanda melakukan pengamatan
yang sama seperti yang dilakukan oleh Iwanowski. Ia berpendapat bahwa ada agen yang
menginfeksi tanaman tembakau itu. Agen ini ia sebut sebagai virus lolos saring (filterable virus).
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan selanjutnya memberi kita pemahaman bahwa hal yang
menyebabkan penyakit mosaic ini adalah virus. Karena itu Iwanowski dan
Beijerinck dinobatkan sebagai penemu virus. Ilmu yang mempelajari virus disebut virologi.

Apakah Anda sudah mengenal

Virus??

This electron micrograph image

from the Centers for Disease
Control shows the SARS virus, a
"coronavirus" like the common
cold, in pink. The virus killed
hundreds around the world in
2003. In 2005, the International
Health Regulations agreement
was proposed. At present, 194
states and territories have
signed the agreement that
gives the World Health
Organization "probing powers"
into any signatory country's
public health issues. Ten years

TERIMA KASIH
Setelah anda mempelajari Virus sebagai umat muslim
patut bersyukur.

Virus adalah organisme subrenik yang teratur dalam

mengatur pola hidupnya, walaupun tidak memiliki
komponen lengkap, tetapi akan menempati ruang
yang sesuai dengan ciri-cirinya.
Subhanallah.
Siapakah yang menciptakan?
hanyalah Allah SWT yang maha pencipta