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PREPARED BY,
S.PETER ALEXANDAR,
LECTURER,
PREC, THANJVAUR
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Pump Terminology
Pump Classification:
- Reciprocating Pumps
- Rotary Pumps
- Centrifugal Pumps
Pumping Problems
Pumps
A pump is a device used to move
gases, liquids or slurries. A pump
moves liquids or gases from lower
pressure to higher pressure, and
overcomes this difference in pressure
by adding energy to the system.
Mechanical Energy Hydraulic
energy
P U M P S
P O S I T I V E D I S P LC A E C N ET MR IE F NU T G
R E C I P R O C A R T O I NT GA R P YU PM U P M S P S
P I S T O N P U MG PE SA R P U M P S
P L U N G E R P LU O M B P E S P U M P S
D I A P H R A G M S PC UR ME WP S P U M P S
C A M P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
Pumps Classification (contd)…
Pumps are divided into two fundamental types based
on the manner in which they transmit energy to the
pumped media: kinetic or positive displacement.
In kinetic displacement, a centrifugal force of the
rotating element, called an impeller, “impels” kinetic
energy to the fluid, moving the fluid from pump suction
to the discharge.
Positive displacement uses the reciprocating action
of one or several pistons, or a squeezing action of
meshing gears, lobes, or other moving bodies, to
displace the fluid from one area into another (i.e.,
moving the material from suction to discharge).
Sometimes the terms ‘inlet’ (for suction) and ‘exit’ or
‘outlet’ (for discharge) are used.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Open Closed
Semi - Open
Centrifugal Pumps (Contd…)
Disadvantages
20
Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
An economical approach to develop
higher head (pressure) from single
pump is to add stages
A stage means number of impellers
attached to single shaft
Delivery of first impeller is suction of
second
21
Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
22
Cavitation
Process of formation and rapid collapse of
vapor is called Cavitation
If pressure of working liquid is less than
vapor pressure of liquid vapors formation
will occur eye of impeller
When this bubble reaches area of high
pressure (grater than vapor pressure) it
will burst
This process will lead to formation of
cavities on edge of impeller
23
Cavitation effects
Cavitation will lead to pitting of
impellers
Fluctuations in flow rates and discharge
pressure
Excessive pump vibration leading to the
damage of bearings,seals and wearing
rings
Fluctuations in pump motor current
24
Centrifugal Pumps (Contd…)
Effect of cavitation
How to avoid Cavitation
Increase level of liquid on suction
Increase suction pressure by filling
the space above liquid in suction
tank
NPSH available can be increased by
decreasing temperature of liquid
Reduce head loss factors
Reduce impeller speed or discharge
pressure
26
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
Based on two stroke principles:
√ High pressure, high efficiency
√ Self-priming
X Small quantity, vibration, physical dimension,
uneven flow
P I S T O
N Two
P U ball
M check
P S valves on each side
Low pressure on the upward part, high
P L U N G E R P U M P S
pressure on the downward part
D I A P H R A G M P U M P S
R E C I P R O C A T I N G P U M P S
P I S T O N P
Rod is
U M P S
moved to push and pull
P L U N G E R
the diaphragm.
P U M P S
hearts.
ROTARY PUMPS
Positive displacement type
G E A R P U M P S
Gears create voids as they come out
L O B E P U M P S
of mesh and liquid flows into the
S C R E W P U M P S
cavities
C A M P U M P S
As the gears come back into mesh,
V A N E P U M P S
the volume is reduced and the liquid
is forced out of the discharge port
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
As the teeth come out of mesh,
liquid flows into the pump and
L O B E P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
S C R E W P U M P S
the pumping chamber
The rotor surfaces create continuous sealing
C A M P U M P S
Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and multi-
V A N E P U M P S
lobe configurations
LOBE PUMPS
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U Screw
P S
M pumps carry fluid in the
spaces between the screw threads.
S C R E W P U M P S
The fluid is displaced axially as the
C A M P U M P S
screws mesh.
V A N E P U M P S
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
around inside a slot in the
casing.
An eccentric cam rotates the
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
The vanes are in slots in the rotor.
S C R E W P U M P
R
S
otor spins, centrifugal force pushes the
C A M P U M P S vanes out to touch the casing, where
V A N E P U M P S they trap and propel fluid.
Comparison
40
Comparison (Cont.1)
6. No check valve 6. Check valve may
7. Needs priming or may not be
8. Suitable for high needed
flow rates and 7. They are self
less pressure primed
requirements 8. Suitable for less
flow rates and
higher pressure
requirements
41
Question
42
44
REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
2. www.cheresources.com
3. www.pumpworld.com/contents.htm
4. www.rpi.edu./dept/chem-eng/
Biotech-Environ/PUMPS/intro.html
Thanks
for listening