PANCA INDRA

BAGIAN ANATOMI FK UNUD

Dr. Yuliana

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PANCA INDRA TERDIRI DARI :

1.MATA (PENGLIHATAN)
n.
opticus (reseptor sel rod dan cone di
retina)
2.TELINGA (PENDENGARAN)

n. cochlearis (organon Corti/cochlea)

3.HIDUNG (PENGHIDU)

n. olfactorius (mucosa nasi superior)

4.LIDAH (PENGECAP)
n. facialis & n. glossopharyngeus (taste
bud di mucosa corpus dan radix linguae)
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5. KULIT (PERABA)

nyeri free nerve ending

panas Ruffini
Dingin Krause
raba halus Meissner
Tekan Paccini
proprioceptive / posisi sendi muscles
spindle
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MATA

Bulbus oculi di dalam orbita

Dilindungi oleh palpebra sup. & Inf.
Gld. LACRIMALIS sekresi air mata utk
melindungi kornea dan eyeball dr injury
Bulbus oculi tdd. 3 lapisan :
1.Tunica fibrosa (cornea & sclera)
2. LAMINA VASCULOSA: choroid, ciliary body, iris
3. Tunica sensoria / retina
Bulbus oculi berisi : refractive media (tdd. Cornea,
aqueous humor, lensa, corpus vitreous)
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OTOT ORBITA
M. LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUP.
MM. RECTI (SUP., INF., MED., LAT.)
MM. OBLIQUI (SUP., INF.)

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Extrinsic eye muscles

Muscle

Movement

Nerve

Superior
oblique

Depresses eye,
turns laterally

IV (Trochlear)

Lateral rectus

Turns laterally

VI (Abducens)

Medial rectus

Turns medially

III (Oculomotor)

Superior rectus Elevates

III (Oculomotor)

Inferior rectus

III (Oculomotor)

Depresses eye

Inferior oblique Elevates eye, turns III (Oculomotor)

laterally
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Support of eye--tears

M&M, fig. 16.5

Lacrimal glands
superficial/lateral in orbit,
produce tears
Lacrimal duct
(nasolacrimal duct)
medial corner of eye
carries tears to nasal
cavity (frequently closed
in newbornsopens by 1
yr usually)
Tears contain mucous,
antibodies, lysozyme
(anti-bacterial)
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Eye as lens/optical device

M&M, fig. 16.7

Light path: Cornea Anterior segment Pupil

Lens Posterior segment Neural layer of retina
Pigmented retina yuliana, fk unud, panca indra
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Extrinsic muscles
right
eye
(lateral view)
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unud,
panca
indra

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 Perjalanan cahaya dari luar sampai ke

retina :
Cornea aqueous humor pupil
lensa retina n. Opticus chiasma
opticus tractus opticus corpus
geniculatum laterale radiatio optica
cortex penglihatan.

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Accessory Structures of the Eye

Lacrimal apparatus
keeps the surface
of the eye moist
Lacrimal gland
produces lacrimal
fluid
Lacrimal sac fluid
empties into nasal
cavity
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Figure16.5b

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Figure16.8

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Sense of Hearing

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TELINGA (EAR)
merupakan organ vestibulocochlearis
(keseimbangan/equilibrium dan
pendengaran/hearing)
Telinga dibagi menjadi:
1. telinga luar (external ear): utk hearing
2. telinga tengah (middle ear): utk hearing
3. telinga dalam (internal/inner ear): utk
hearing & equilibrium
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TELINGA L U A R (external ear)

1. auricle (pinna)
helix, concha tragus,lobule
2. meatus acusticus externa
hair, kel sebacea, ceruminous glands
disebut jg canalis auditorius external

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Ear/Hearing

M&M, fig. 16.17

Outer Ear: auricle is elastic cartilage attached to dermis, gathers sound

Middle ear: ear ossicles transmit and modulate sound
Inner ear: cochlea, ampullae and semicircular canals sense sound and
equilibrium
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Ceruminous glands
cerumen
ear wax
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indra

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TELINGA TENGAH
(middle ear)
1. cavum tympani
berisi : auditory bone (malleus, incus,stapes)
berada di pars petrosa os temporalis
2. membran timpani
batas antara telinga luar dan tengah)
membran semitransparan
Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory or eustachian tube)
tuba auditiva

Menghubungkan telinga tengah dan pharynx

* Auditory Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)

transmisi vibrasi (getaran suara)

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Auditory Ossicles bridge the tympanic membrane and the inner ear.

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 Membantu mempertahankan supaya

tekanan udara sama antara kedua sisi
membran timpani yg sangat diperlukan utk
pendengaran normal (fungsi ini bisa
dirasakan ketika Anda mendengar suara
pop ketika terjadi perubahan ketinggian
secara cepat, misalnya take off & landing
saat naik pesawat)
Nasopharyngitis bisa menyebabkan OMA
krn penyebaran melalui tuba ini.
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The Middle Ear

Ear ossicles tulang
yg terkecil pd tubuh.
Tdd:
Malleus melekat pd
membran timpani
Incus antara malleus
dan stapes
Stapes
menggetarkan oval
window
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Figure16.19

Middle Ear
Otot-otot yg
menghambat vibrasi
ketika suara terlalu
keras:
M. Tensor tympani
(pd malleus)
M. Stapedius (pd
stapes)

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M&M, fig. 16.19

TELINGA DALAM (INNER EAR)

Merupakan organ tulang berongga (hollow
bony structures) yg diisi cairan
(endolymph)
Tdd organ:
1. Equilibrium semicircular canals
2. Hearing -- cochlea

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The Inner (Internal) Ear

Disebut jg labyrinth
Berada di dalam pars petrosa os
temporalis
Bony labyrinth suatu cavitas yg tdd dr 3
bagian:
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
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The Inner (Internal) Ear

Membranous labyrinth
Tdd 3 bgn utama:
Semicircular ducts
Utricle and saccule
Cochlear duct

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Perilymph separates the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear from the membranous
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labyrinth, which contains endolymph.

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Cochlea. A.) Cross section of the

cochlea. B.) Organ of Corti and the tectorial
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membrane.

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Tinnitus
Ringing or buzzing noise in the ears.
Ringing, buzzing, whistling, or roaring
noises in the ear). These noises may
come and go or may always be present.
The noises may get louder just before a
vertigo attack.

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Otitis media
Inflammation of the
middle ear

Bacterial or viral infection occurs in the

fluid buildup after a respiratory illness

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Sense of Taste

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LIDAH / PENGECAP
MUSCULAR ORGAN DLM BASIS CV.
ORIS
OTOT EXTRINSIK DAN INTRINSIK
TDD: ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL PART
SULCUS TERMINALIS
INNERVASI.: N. V3, IX, VII
TASTE BUD PADA PAPILA
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Taste Buds

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Figure16.1a,b

Taste

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Gustatory Pathway
Taste information reaches the cerebral
cortex
Primarily through the facial (VII) and
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves
Some taste information through the vagus
nerve (X)
Sensory neurons synapse in the medulla
Located in the solitary nucleus

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Five taste sensations

Sweetfront middle
Sourmiddle sides
Saltyfront side/tip
Bitter back
umamiposterior
pharynx

M&M, Fig. 16.1

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2. Gustation (Taste)

Differential
distribution of
taste buds

Taste buds
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2. Gustation (Taste)

VII ant. 2/3

IX post. 1/3

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Cutaneous

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KULIT / ALAT PERABA

KULIT TIPIS DAN TEBAL

TDD.: EPIDERMIS DAN DERMIS
EPIDERMIS TDD. :4-5 LPS
DALAM DERMIS DITEMUKAN : UJUNG
SARAF,KORPUSKEL MEISSNER,
PACCINI
KELENJAR
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Skin (Integument)

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Sense of Smell

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HIDUNG / PEMBAU

NOSE TDD.:

external nose (root,dorsum,apex,nares,septum)

cavum nasi / nasal cavity :
respiratory area
olfactory area
pengantar impuls
epithelium olfactorium pada atap cavitas nasi
(area olfactoria)reseptor axon kumpul
jadi fila olfactoria cavitas cranii melalui
forminae pd lamina cribrosa ethmoidalis
bulbus olfactorius tractus olfactorius cortex
cerebri area brodman 28 dan 33 / pengenalan
bau.
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Olfactory receptors. A.) Columnar epithelial cells support olfactory receptor cells, which have cilia
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indrathe superior nasal concha.
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at their distal ends. B.) The olfactoryyuliana,
area isfkassociated