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CONICS
References:
Chapter3&4: Analytic Geometry by G. Fuller
Chapter11: Analytic Geometry in Calculus by J. Wiley
Chapter7: College Algebra by R. D. Gustafson
Conics
Conic
Sections
cone
equations fall into one of several categories: a point, a pair
of lines, a circle, a parabola, an ellipse, an hyperbola, or no
graph at all
Ren Descartes (15961650) and Blaise Pascal (16231662)
developed the mathematics needed to study them in detail
Unit II : Conics
CIRCLES
Circles
Definition:
A circle is the set of all points on a
plane that are equidistant from a fixedpoint on the plane. The fixed point is
called the center. And the distance from
the center to any point of the circle is
called radius.
Circles
The
Standard
Equation of a Circle
2
2
2 :
with
Center
at
(h,
k)
x h y k r
The
Standard
Equation
of
2
2 a Circle
2
x
r
with Center at (0, 0):
Circles
Derive
x h 2 y k 2 Square
r2
the binomials and simplify
General
and y
x y Dx Ey F 0
2
Circles (Examples)
1. Find the general equation of the circle with center at
(-3, 4) and radius =6 units.
2. Find the center and radius and sketch the circle.
x 2 y 2 6 x 4 y 15 0
4 x 3 y 10 0
, Center at (5,5)
Find
Find
a)
b)
the
center, the radius and sketch the ff. circles:
2
2
x y 6x 8 y 0
2 x 2 2 y 2 3x 5 y 2 0
PARABOLA
Parabola
Definition:
A parabola is the set of all points
Parabola
A
Parabola
We
(1)
Equation
Parabola
Parabola
x2
= 4py
opens up
Parabola
x2
= 4py
opens
down
Parabola
y2
= 4px
opens right
Parabola
y2
= 4px
opens left
Parabola
Parabola
(x-h)2
= 4p(y-
k)
opens up
Parabola
(x-h)2
=
4p(y-k)
opens down
Parabola
(y-k)2
= 4p(x-
h)
opens right
Parabola
(y-k)2
= 4p(x-
h)
opens left
Parabola
General
x Dx Ey F 0
Provided E0
y Dx Ey F 0
Provided D0
Parabola (Examples)
Write
Parabola (Examples)
Find
Parabola (Practice
Problems)
Find and graph the vertex, focus, and
directrix of each parabola.
1.
a)
b)
2.
x 2 12 y
2
y 3 20 x
Hyperbola
Standard Equation, Center @ (0,0)
Standard Equation, Center @ (h,k)
Fundamental Rectangle
Graph a hyperbola (how? / steps / guide)
Write
reference/source material
ELLIPSE
Ellipse
Definition:
An ellipse is the set of all points P in a plane
Ellipse
Derive the equation of the
ellipse:
By defintion of an ellipse:
Ellipse
Square
Square
Ellipse
The
Ellipse
Ellipse
Major
Ellipse
Major
Ellipse
Ellipse
Major
Ellipse
Major
Ellipse
Ellipse
Note:
The larger denominator in the equation
c where a>c
e
Eccentricity, a
, e<1
d1 d 2 2a
2
2
b
a=
length of Latus Rectum
Ellipse
General
ellipse:
2
Ax Cy Dx Ey F 0
Provided AC
Ellipse (Examples)
Sketch
the following:
parts)
9 x 2 25 y 2 225 0
a) 16 x 2 9 y 2 64 x 54 y 1 0
b)
Ellipse (Practice
Problems)
HYPERBOLA
Hyperbola
Definition:
An hyperbola is the set of all points P in
Hyperbola
Terms:
Foci of the hyperbola
points F and F
Center
the midpoint of chord FF
Vertices
points V and V, where the
hyperbola intersects FF
Transverse Axis
segment VV
Conjugate Axis
segment BB
Hyperbola
Hyperbola
Hyperbola
Foci
Hyperbola
Foci
Hyperbola
Hyperbola
Transverse
(h,k)
Hyperbola
Transverse
(h,k)
Hyperbola
Hyperbola
Fundamental
Rectangle
Form rectangle RSPQ
Asymptotes of the
Hyperbola
The extended
diagonals of the
rectangle
Hyperbola
Equations
of the Asymptotes
b and
b
y x
y x
a
a
a
a and
y x
y x
b
b
Hyperbola
Equations
of the Asymptotes
b
bh
b
bh
and
y x k
y x k
a
a
a
a
y x k
y x k
b
b
b
b
Hyperbola
General
Ax Cy Dx Ey F 0
Hyperbola (Examples)
Graph
a)
the hyperbola:
x y 2 x 4 y 12
2
Write
)Find
x y 4x 6 y 6
2
Hyperbola (Practice
Problems)
Write
is horizontal
b) Foci (0,10) and (0,-10);
c) Center (5,3); vertex (5,6); passes through
(1,8)
TRANSLATION and
ROTATION OF AXES
Translation of Axes
Simplification
x x' h
y y ' k
Translation of Axes
Examples
By translation of axes simplify the
equation:
x 2 6 x 6 y 15 0
Given the equation of a function,
Rotation of Axes
x OM ON MN ON RS
y MP MR RP NS RP
Rotation
Formulas:
Rotation of Axes
Example:
x y 9 0, by
Transform the equation
2
transformed equation of
+ = 8
APPLICATIONS OF
CONICS
Application of Conics
Fin
y
2 y circle
20 0
distance from (10,7) to4 xthe
The
Application of Conics
An
An