Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
K.Lokeswara Rao,
INTRODUCTION:
The Alternating current has several advantages over
direct current is that,
The
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER?
A
the transformer
denoted as,
Note: It works on the principles of mutual
induction.
STRUCTURE OF
TRANSFORMER:
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The transformer works in the principle of mutual
induction.
The principle of mutual induction states that when the
two coils are inductively coupled and if the current in
coil change uniformly then the e.m.f induced in the
other coil. This e.m.f can drive a current when a closed
path is provided to it.
When an alternating current flows in the primary coil, a
changing magnetic flux is generated around the primary
coil.
CONSTRUCTION OF
TRANSFORMER:
There are two basics of transformer contraction.
1. Magnetic Core.
2. Windings or Coils.
. Magnetic Core:
. The core of transformer either square or rectangular type in
size.
. It is further divided into two parts Vertical and Horizontal.
. The vertical portion on which coils are wound is called limb
while Horizontal portion is called Yoke. These parts are
shown in fig.
. Transformer -2.mp4
Windings:
Conducting material is used in the windings of the
transformer.
The coils used are wound on the limbs and insulated from
each other.
The two different windings are wounds on two different
limbs i.e. primary on one limbs while secondary on other
limb in the basic transformer.
The leakage flux increases which affects the performance
and efficiency of transformer.
To reduces the leakage flux it is necessary that the windings
should be very close to each other to have high mutual
induction .
In the core type one magnetic circuit and cylindrical coils are
used.
The low voltage winding is placed near the core from ease
insulating it from the core. The high voltage is placed after it.
For the shell type each high voltage winding lie between two low
voltage portion sandwiching the high voltage winding.
LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER:
1.
2.
. Copper
1.
2.
Eddy Current Loss: The Leakage magnetic flux generates the e.m.f
in the core produces current is called of Eddy Current Loss.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER:
Generally the transformer classify accordingly transformation
ratios are:
1. Step-up Transformer: 2. Step-down Transformer
1. Step-up Transformer: A transformer in which Ns>Np is
called a step up transformer. A step up transformer is a
transformer which converts low alternate voltage to high
alternate voltage.
2. Step-down Transformer: A transformer in which Np>Ns is
called a step down transformer. A step down transformer is a
transformer which converts high alternatic voltage to low
alternatic voltage.