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2.1 Displacement
x final position
x o initial position
x x x o displacement
2.1 Displacement
x o 2.0 m
x 5.0 m
x 7.0 m
x x x o 7.0 m 2.0 m 5.0 m
2.1 Displacement
x 2.0 m
x 5.0 m
x o 7.0 m
x x x o 2.0 m 7.0 m 5.0 m
2.1 Displacement
x o 2.0 m
x 5.0 m
x 7.0 m
x x x o 5.0 m 2.0 m 7.0 m
Distance
Average speed
Elapsed time
SI units for speed: meters per second (m/s)
Distance
Average speed
Elapsed time
Displacement
Average velocity
Elapsed time
x x o x
v
t to
t
x 1609 m
v
339.5 m s
t
4.740 s
x 1609 m
v
342.7 m s
t
4.695 s
2.3 Acceleration
2.3 Acceleration
v v o v
a
t to
t
2.3 Acceleration
vo 0 m s
v 260 km h
to 0 s
t 29 s
v v o 260 km h 0 km h
km h
a
9.0
t to
29 s 0 s
s
2.3 Acceleration
2.3 Acceleration
Example 3 Acceleration and Decreasing
Velocity
v v o 13 m s 28 m s
a
5.0 m s 2
t to
12 s 9 s
v vo at
x
1
2
vo v t
v v 2ax
2
2
o
x vot at
1
2
x vot at
1
2
6.0 m s 8.0 s
110 m
1
2
2.0 m s 8.0 s
2
vo 0 m s
x ??
a 31 m s 2
v 62 m s
v v
62 m s 0 m s
x
62 m
2
2a
2 31 m s
2
2
o
Reasoning Strategy
1. Make a drawing.
2. Decide which directions are to be called positive (+) and
negative (-).
3. Write down the values that are given for any of the five
kinematic variables.
4. Verify that the information contains values for at least three
of the five kinematic variables. Select the appropriate equation.
5. When the motion is divided into segments, remember that
the final velocity of one segment is the initial velocity for the next.
6. Keep in mind that there may be two possible answers to a
kinematics problem.
vo
+215000 m
-10.0 m/s2
+3250 m/s
vo
+215000 m
-10.0 m/s2
+3250 m/s
v v 2ax
2
2
o
v v 2ax
2
o
2500 m s
g 9.80 m s
or
32.2 ft s
g 9.80 m s
-9.80 m/s2
vo
0 m/s
3.00 s
-9.80 m/s2
y vot at
1
2
vo
0 m/s
3.00 s
0 m s 3.00 s
44.1 m
1
2
9.80 m s 3.00 s
2
vo
-9.80 m/s2
0 m/s
+5.00
m/s
vo
-9.80 m/s2
0 m/s
+5.00
m/s
v v
y
2a
2
v v 2ay
2
2
o
2
o
v v
0 m s 5.00 m s
y
1.28 m
2
2a
2 9.80 m s
2
2
o
Position-Time Graphs
We can use a
postion-time graph to
illustrate the motion of
an object.
Postion is on the yaxis
Time is on the x-axis
Describing in Words
Describing in Words
Describe the motion of
the object.
When is the object
moving in the positive
direction?
Negative direction.
When is the object
stopped?
When is the object
moving the fastest?
The slowest?
Accelerated Motion
In a position/displacement
time graph a straight line
denotes constant velocity.
In a position/displacement
time graph a curved line
denotes changing velocity
(acceleration).
The instantaneous velocity is
a line tangent to the curve.
Accelerated Motion
In a velocity time graph a
line with no slope means
constant velocity and no
acceleration.
In a velocity time graph a
sloping line means a
changing velocity and the
object is accelerating.
Velocity
Velocity changes when an object
Speeds Up
Slows Down
Change direction
Velocity-Time Graphs
Velocity is placed on
the vertical or y-axis.
Time is place on the
horizontal or x-axis.
We can interpret the
motion of an object
using a velocity-time
graph.
Constant Velocity
Objects with a
constant velocity have
no acceleration
This is graphed as a
flat line on a velocity
time graph.
Changing Velocity
Objects with a
changing velocity are
undergoing
acceleration.
Acceleration is
represented on a
velocity time graph as
a sloped line.
x 8 m
Slope
4 m s
t
2s
v 12 m s
Slope
6 m s 2
t
2s