Commissioning Flow Chart

Summary (1)
To assure ourselves, and the interested
authorities, that the overall protective
system functions correctly.
Study of wiring diagrams and protection
requirements.
Careful delegation of responsibilities to
reduce the duplication of effort and to
ensure that all the following aspects are
covered :-

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Test Options (1)

1. Primary injection sensitivity tests only

Minimum of time consumed

If results incorrect, secondary injection and CT tests
required

Unable to check :a.

Adequate timing curves

b.

Directional properties

c.

Power and impedance relays

Not suitable for maintenance tests

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Commissioning Flow Chart

Summary (2)

Secondary Injection Tests (Relay Tests)

Ensure clean dust free area

Prove trip and alarm circuits

Mechanical inspection
Out-going contact wiring
External resistors
C.T. shorting and isolating switches
Contact follow-through and pressures
Electrical checks on each basic electrical
function to prove satisfactory operation
Test results (record and maintenance purposes)

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Commissioning Flow Chart

Summary (3)

Primary injection tests

D.C. flick tests on C.T.s

C.T. ratio and polarity tests

Primary sensitivity tests

Stability tests

Test results

C.T. mag curve tests

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Maintenance of
Protective Relays (1)
Frequency of Maintenance
Dictated by :a) The site condition
b) The availability of maintenance staff and
resources
c) The availability of plant outage times
d) The risks involved if the protection
should fail
e) The type of relay construction

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Maintenance of
Protective Relays (2)

Frequency of Maintenance (continued)

f) The proven reliability of devices under
identical site conditions
g) The availability of built-in self-check
features
or semi-automatic test facilities, and the
difficulties of alternative tests
h) The interval of time an unexpected
catastrophic
failure, component or otherwise, that
may go
undetected and leave the system
unprotected
6

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Maintenance of
Protective Relays (3)
Onerous site conditions :1. Dusty or dirty environments
2. Corrosive chemical atmospheres
3. Frequent or continuous vibration
4. High humidity
5. High or cycling temperatures
6. Consistently high levels of energising or auxiliary
quantities
Typically maintain every 12-18 months under ideal
conditions and decrease frequency

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Maintenance of
Protective Relays (4)

Visual inspections

The commissioning test stage

At each maintenance test

After heavy fault clearance

More regularly if onerous site conditions

Calibration tests
Trip testing

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Maintenance of
Protective Relays (5)

Recommended maintenance tests

Instruction manuals
Record relay settings
Visual inspection
Secondary injection tests
Contact integrity
Return to in-service settings
Check energising quantities

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Corrective Maintenance of
Protective Relays (1)

Cleaning solvents
Trichlortrifluorethane (Ozone damaging)
(Arklone, Freon, Flourisol and Supersolve)
PROZONE
Contact lubricants and other lubricants
Contact cleaning burnishers
Contact pressures and settings
Dust removal
Relay recalibration (Why?)

10

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Contents of Section 23 of PRAG (1)

(Protective Relay Application Guide)
Insulation tests
Current transformer tests
Voltage transformer tests
Test facilities
Secondary injection tests

11

O.C. and E.F.

Differential
Pilot wires
Negative phase sequence
Directional Distance
D.C. operated

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Contents of Section 23 of PRAG (2)

(Protective Relay Application Guide)

Primary Injection Test (+ on load tests)

O.C. and E.F. relays

Directional
Generator Differential
Transformer Differential
Restricted E.F.
Pilot Wire
Busbar
Negative phase sequence

12

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Contents of Section 23 of PRAG (3)

(Protective Relay Application Guide)

Tripping and Alarm Annunciation

Periodic Maintenance

In addition to PRAG :Consult instruction manuals

13

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Test Terminal Block

To
To relay
relaycoils
coils

To CT
CT test
To
test
windings
windings
(if any)
(if any)

14

B
To main
main
To
current
current
transformers
transformers

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

C N
A
To
To main
mainVTVT

Test Switch and Sockets

To relay coils

A
CurrentB
test
socketsC

B Voltage
test
C sockets
N

Test selector swit

Make before brea
on CT Circuits

To main current
transformers
15

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

To main VT

Current Transformer
Polarity Check
P2

P1
S2

S1

Battery
16

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Push
button
switch

Current Transformer
Ratio Check
A

C
A2

Temporary
short
circuit

51

P1

51
S1

P2 S 2

51
64

Relay or test block

contact fingers

A1
Primary injection
test set
250V AC supply
17

Test plug
insulation

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Testing Current Transformer

Magnetizing Curve
A

Test plug isolating

current transformers
from relay coils

A
P1

To relay
coils
V

S1

Variable
transformer
250V 8A

250V
AC
supply

S2
P2
Main circuit
breaker open

18

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Step-up transform
if required

Voltage Transformer
Phasing Check
A
B
C

A
V1
V2

C
VN

VL
V1

V2
A

19

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Phase rotation
meter

Sensitivity Check on
Biased Differential Relay
B

B
OP
Test plug
fingers

Over current
test set

To main current
transformers

250V
A.C. supply

20

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

OP Relay operating coi

B
Relay bias coil

Testing Bias Characteristics

(Using Overcurrent Test Set)
B

B
OP

I1+I2

A1

Overcurrent
test set

To main current
transformers

250V A.C.
supply
21

I2

I1

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

A2
R

Test plug
fingers

Testing Relay Bias Characteristic

(Using Resistances)
B

B
OP

I1+I2

R1

Test plug
fingers

A2

A1

To main current
transformers

250V A.C.
supply

22

I2

I1

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

R2

A1 and A2 Ammeters
OP Relay operating coil
B Relay bias coil

Testing Sensitivity of Negative

Phase Sequence Relay

250V
A.C.
supply

To main
current
transformers

C
N

Overcurrent
test set

Test plug
in test block

23

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Filter
network

46

Relay
coil

Test Equipment for Directional Relays

Supply switch
440V
3 phase
4 wire supply

A
B
C
N

Choke

Variable
transformer
for current
control

67

Relay
current coil

Range adjusting CT
440/110V
phase shifting
transformer

PA

PA

67

Relay
voltage coil

Variable transformer
for voltage control

To other voltage coils V Voltmeter

A Ammeter
of relay under test
PA Phase angle mete
(if required)
24

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Primary Check on
Main Current Transformers

Temporary three
phase short circu

Primary
injection
test set

250V
A.C. supply

51 Overcurrent relay
64 Earth fault relay
A
Ammeter

25

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

5
1
5
1
5
1
6
4

Sensitivity Test on Earth Fault Relay

250V
A.C.
suppl
y

Primary
injection
test set

5
1

B
51

C
51

64

26

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Testing Sensitivity of Generator Differential

Protection Using Primary Injection Test
Primary
injection
test set

87 Generator differential re
V
Voltmeter
A Ammeter

250V A.C.
supply
Generato
r

Isolating
links

A
B
C

27

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

87

87

87

Testing Sensitivity of Generator Differential Protection

Using Generator to Supply Primary Current
Temporary
short
Isolating
circuit
links
Generato
r

A
B
C

87

87

87

87 Generator differential r
V
Voltmeter
28

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Checking Stability of Generator

Differential Protection
Isolating
links

Generator

Temporary
short circuit

A
B
C
A

87

87

87

Shorts across
relay/
stabilising
resistors
29

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

87 Generator differential relay

A Ammeter

Earth Fault Sensitivity Check on Transformer

Differential Protection

A
Primar
y
injectio
250V n
A.C. test
set

suppl
y

Temporary
short
circuit

B
C
Bias
coils

Operatin
g
coils
30

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

87

87

87

Phase Fault Sensitivity Check on Transformer

Differential Protection
A

Temporary
short
circuit

A
B

Primary
injection
test set

250V
A.C.
suppl
y

C
Bias
coils

Operatin
g
coils
31

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

87

87

87

Stability Check on Transformer

Differential Protection
Temporary short
circuit

Generato
r

~
Bias
coils

87 87 87

Operating
coils

Instantaneous current distribution for

three-phase short circuit with phase A
current at maximum
32

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

Sensitivity Check of Restricted

Earth Fault Protection
250V A.C.
supply

Primary
injection
test set

A
B
C

64 Earth Fault Relay

A Ammeter
V Voltmeter
33

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

64

Stability Check of Restricted Earth

Fault Protection

250V A.C.
supply

Temporary short
circuit

Primary
injection
test set

A
B
C

A
34

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

64

64 Earth Fault Rela

A Ammeter

Sensitivity Check of Negative

Phase Sequence Relay
A

B C

Temporary
short circuit

Filter
network

46

Primary
injection
test set

35

>

250V
A.C.
supply
Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays

46 Negative phase sequence r

A Ammeter