Filter Design (2)

Jack Ou
ES590

Last Time Outline

Butterworth LPF Design
LPF to HPF Conversion
LPF to BPF Conversion
LPF to BRF Conversion

General Cases
Dual Networks
RLRS

Other Filters
Chebyshev filter
Bandpass Design Example
Bessel filter
Bandpass Design Example

Filter Synthesis via Genesis

Low Pass Filter Design Requirement

fc=1 MHz
Attenuation of 9 dB at 2 MHz.
RS=50 Ohms
RL=25 Ohms

Determine the number of elements

in the filter

(Same as before)
9 dB of attenuation at f/fc of 2.

Use a Low Pass Prototype Value for

RSRL

Comparison: RS=RL

Frequency and Impedance Scaling

Matlab Calculation

Low Frequency Response

Comments about Butterworth Filter

A medium Q filter that is used in
designs that require the amplitude
response of the filter to be as flat as
possible.
The Butterworth response is the
flattest passband response available
and contains no ripples.

Chebyshev Response
Chebyshev filter is a high-Q filter that
is used when :
(1) a steeper initial descent into the
passband is required
(2) the passband response is no longer
required to be flat

Comparison of a third order

Passband Filter

3 dB of passband ripples and 10 dB improvement

in attenuation

Design Methodology
Even though attenuation can be
calculated analytically, we will use
the graphical method.
Even order Chebyshev filters can not
have equal termination (RSRL)

Low Pass Filter Design Requirement

fc=1 MHz
Attenuation of 9 dB at 2 MHz.
RS=50 Ohms
RL=25 Ohms
Less than 0.1 dB of Ripple
Design it with a Chebychev Filter

0.1 dB Attenuation Chart

0.1 dB, n=2, Chebyshev

Matlab Calculation

Chbysehv, 0.1 dB Ripple,

LPF

ripple

Typical Bandpass Specifications

When a low-pass design is transformed into a bandpass

design, the attenuation bandwidth ratios remain the

Butterworth Vs. Chebyshev

Butterworth: n=4, 40 dB

Chebyshev: n=4, 48 dB, but RSRL

We have to settle for n=5, 62 dB.

Chebyshev, 5th Order, 0.1 dB Ripple

Effect of Limited Inductor Quality

Factor

Assume each inductor has a

quality factor of 10.

Minimum Required Q

Phase of Chebyshev Bandpass Filter

Phase is not very linear during the passband!

You can get a lot of distortion!

Bessel Filter
Bessel Filter is designed to achieve
linear phase at the expense of
limited selectivity!

Low Pass Filter Design Requirement

fc=1 MHz
Attenuation of 9 dB at 2 MHz.
RS=50 Ohms
RL=25 Ohms

Attenuation

Possible to achieve 9dB

Bessel LPF Prototype Elementary

Value

Matlab Calculation

Bessel LPF

6.8 dB of attenuation at f/fc=2

Phase of Bessel LPF (n=2)

Genesys
BPF Design Example

Typical Bandpass Specifications

When a low-pass design is transformed into a bandpass

design, the attenuation bandwidth ratios remain the

Butterworth Vs. Chebyshev

Butterworth: n=4, 40 dB

Chebyshev: n=4, 48 dB, but RSRL

We have to settle for n=5, 62 dB.

Start Geneysis

Start Genesys

Select Passive Filter

Filter Properties

Comparison

Synthesized Via Genesis

Synthesized using Charts

Change Settings

QL=50, QC=100

QL=10, QC=100

Export Schematic to ADS

(Not sure. ADS project is open)

Tune
You can also fine-tune the value of a
component and see how it changes
the filter response