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AND ESTIMATING
Principle and Technique of Estimating
-FLOOR FINISHES-
FLOOR FINISHES
FLOOR SURFACE top surface of a floor structure
FLOOR LAYERS - thickness of floor in multiples of 50mm
FLOOR SCREEDS
- provide a level surface to which a floor finish can be applied
- protection of insulation layer
- cement+sand+water / precast slabs / made ground
- a screed laid on a concrete base should be at least 40mm thick, with wire net
reinforcement at least 35mm thick
FLOOR FINISHES
- materials that are applied to a floor surface as a finished surface
- determinants in choosing floor finish
1. type of building (residential, inddustrial, commercial)
2. foot traffic (light, heavy, wheeled)
3. special requirements (easy to clean, resistant to liquids, non-slip,...)
4. cost (labor, manual)
FLOOR FINISHES CLASSIFICATION
1.JOINTLESS
2.FLEXIBLE THIN SHEET AND TILE
load grade
thickness
light duty
15 20 mm
medium
20 25 mm
heavy duty
30 50 mm
GRANOLITHIC PAVING
- cement screed finish
- mixture of crushed granite which has been sieved + cement + water (spread
uniformly and trowelled to a smooth flat surface)
- factories, stores, garages
- additives (sealers, hardeners) may be added to produce improve resistance to
surface water
VINYL FLOORS
- a thermoplastic used in the manufacture of flexible sheets and tiles as a floor finish
- combination of PVC (polyvinylchloride) as a binder with fillers, pigments and
plasticizers to control flexibilty
- wide range of colours, shapes of cuts and thicknesses
- kitchens, bathrooms, offices
- easy to clean, moderate wear, low cost
RUBBER FLOORS
- made from synthetic rubber (SBR styrene butadine rubber)
- cured or vulcanized by the heat
- waterproof, nonporous, resilient
- susceptible to oil, alkalines, grease, ultraviolent light
CORK TILES
- warm, quiet underfoot, resilient and
water-resistant
- susceptible to oil and grease,
nondurable
CARPET FLOORS
- installed wall-to-wall to eliminate
maintanance of hard flooring
- additional source of insulation (acoustical)
- the most resilient floor finish
CONCRETE TILES
- made of cement and sand
(hydraulically pressed to
shape as floor tiling)
STONE SLABS
- natural stone in units (larger than tiles)
- from very hard slabs of granite to the less dense
soft marble
- hard, noisy and cold (when floor is not insluated)
underfoot
LABOUR CONSTANT
Finishes work normally can be divided by 2 steps :
1. Mixing the materials (cement and sand) needed to
make a mortar by the general worker with the constant
output 2hour per 1m3 mortar
2. Spread and leveling the mortar to the floor, ceiling or
wall with steel trowelled. Below the labour constant for
spreading the mortar:
TYPE OF PAVING
1 PAVIOR AND 1
GENERAL WORKER
(hour/m2)
Cement paving/ Turapan simen
Granolithic paving / Turapan
granolitik
Screeded / Lapis lepa screeded
Floated / Lapis lepa floated
Trowelled / Lapis lepa trowelled
0.30
0.35
0.25
0.28
0.30
Example 1
Calculate the unit rate for cement paving below:
25mm thk cement and sand (1:3) paving with steel trowelled
finish to floor level or to falls not exceeding 15o from the
horizontal on concrete base m2
Assumptions:
Cement = RM 10.50/bag of 50kg
For 1m3 cement need 28 bags
Sand = RM 30.00/m3
Shrinkage and wastage = 1/3 of the cost for cement and sand
Overhead and profit = 15%
RM
294.00
RM
90.00
RM
384.00
RM
128.00
RM
512.00
RM
128.00
RM 3.45
Labour cost:
1 pavior = 0.30 hour x RM 65.00
8 hour
1 general worker = 0.30 hour x RM
40.00
RM 2.44
RM 1.50
8
hour
Overhead and profit (15%)
RM 7.39
RM 1.11
RM
8.50
Example 2
Calculate the unit rate for tiles to the floor finishes:
200mm x 200mm x 7mm thick homogenous tile bedded, jointed and
pointed in cement past to floor level or to falls not exceeding 15 o from
the horizontal on screeded bed m2
Assumption:
Tile cost = RM 2.00/pcs
Tile wastage = 5%
Cement paste wastage = 5%
Labour output to mix cement paste = 1 general worker at 2hour per
1m3
Cement paste usage to bedded the tile = 0.02m 3 per 1m2 of tiles
Labour output to lay tile = 0.75 hour/m2 for 1 general worker and 1
pavior
Profit and overhead = 15%
Material cost:
Tiles = 25 pcs x RM 2.00
Wastage (5%)
Cement mix (1m3) = 28 bag x RM
10.50
Wastage (5%)
Labour cost (cement paste) :
2hour x RM 40.00 / 8 hour
Total cost to prepare cement paste
0.02 m3 cement paste = 0.02 m3 x
RM 318.70
Cost to bed the tiles to floor:
Pavior = 0.75 hour x RM 65/8hour
General worker = 0.75 hour x RM
40/8 hour
Overhead and profit (15%)
RM/m2
RM 294.00
RM 14.70
RM 308.70
RM 10.00
RM 318.70
RM
50.00
RM
2.50
RM 6.37
RM 5.63 RM 58.87
RM 3.75
RM 9.38
RM 68.25
RM 10.24
RM
78.49