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abdelaziz
Agenda
Introduction
Technical solutions overview
LTE Network architecture
Introduction
Telecommunication evolution
Towards 4G
Motivation beyond LTE
Challenges
Technical solutions
LTE features
Telecommunication
evolution
Telecommunication
evolution
Telecommunication
evolution
Telephony network
Telecommunication
evolution
TE
POST/PSTN
box
cabinet
Central office
cabinet
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Telecommunication
evolution
CO
Alex 1 tandem
ramsis
CO
CO
Alex 2 tandem
CO
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Towards 4G
Faraday (Power of EMW)
Maxwell (EMW equations)
Hertz (Electrical/EMW relation)
Towards 4G
Towards LTE
3.75G
3.5G
3G
2.75G
2.5G
2.25G
GPRS
115 kbps
2G
1G
GSM
Speech 13 kbps
1G
HSCSD
57.6 kbps
EDGE
384 kbps
WCDMA
(UMTS)
2 Mbps
HSDPA
3.6 Mbps
HSUPA
5.76 Mbps
Packet Switched
Circuit Switched
Circuit Switching
Time
Packet Switching
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0G
Analog systems
Low capacity
High power
1G
Cellular systems
Use FDMA
Analog systems
Low capacity
Just voice services
AMPS / TACS
2G
Services with high QoS
Digital communication
Voice/fax/SMS
Cellular system
Wide deployment
Roaming service
2G
Increase system capacity
FDMA/TDMA
Frequency reuse
2.5G
Internet services
High data rate
New coding schemes
More time slots assignment
Packet switching
GPRS
2.75G
Higher data rates
New modulation technique
8PSK
New coding schemes
EDGE
3G
UMTS
W-CDMA
GSM
New services
data
video call
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3.5/3.75G
HSDPA/HSUPA
Enhance downlink/uplink channels
High data rates
higher modulation schemes
MIMO
channel coding
Towards WIMAX
WIMAX
mobile
WIMAX
fixed
WI-FI
DSL
DSL
Last mile solution
Using telephony lines
From 8 KHZ to 1MHZ
Fixed lines
Problem to cover rural areas
WI-FI
Mobility with DSL lines
Small coverage areas
Access point
WIMAX Fixed
Substitution of DSL lines
Using wireless technology
P to P and P to MP
WIMAX mobile
Mobility with WIMAX controller
OFDMA/SOFDMA
AMC
MIMO
Admission control
VOIP
controller
Outlines
Motivations beyond 4G
Challenges
Technical solutions
LTE features
YOU want
Operator needs
Satisfy customers
staying competitive
Efficient reuse of existing
assets
Cost efficient in migration in
both COPEX & OPEX
Spectrum efficiency & flex.
Increase system capacity
Challenges
Channel problem
Scare/expensive spectrum with a lot of sys.
Low power resource
SO
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Challenges
We need
high data rates
high QoS
low delay
Without
power resource
BW
channel quality
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Challenges
SO
Must find technical solutions to face this
all requirements and challenges
Technical solutions
IP Packet SW based system
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
AMC/HARQ/link adaptation
MIMO
Scheduling
TDD/FDD
MBMS services
VOIP/VOLGA
Fractional frequency reuse
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LTE features
Peak data rate (100M DL/50M UL)
Up to 200 active users in a cell
Less than 5 ms user-plane latency
E-MBMS
Spectrum flexibility & efficiency
High mobility
Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS
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Technical solutions
IP Packet SW based system
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
AMC/HARQ/link adaptation
MIMO
Scheduling
TDD/FDD
MBMS services
VOIP/VOLGA
Fractional frequency reuse
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Packet SW
New TX way
Packet SW/circuit SW
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
New MA techniques
Channel problem
Fading
path loss
absorption/scattering
multipath fading
ICI
ISI
FDM/OFDM
OFDMA in LTE
advantages
BW eff.
Higher data rates
High channel problem
immunity
advantages
44
disadvantages
HPPAR
SC-FDMA
AMC/HARQ/Link adaptation
New solutions
Digital modulation
1
ASK
PSK
FSK
48
Digital modulation
carrier
10
11
01
00
01
BPSK
1bit per symbol
QPSK
2bit per symbol
49
Digital modulation
coding as turbo
But with adaptive way (AMC)
AMC
Link adaptation
HARQ
MIMO
MIMO Solutions
Diversity
Spatial MUX
Beam forming
Scheduling
TDD/FDD
Fractional frequency
reuse
MBMS
VOIP/VOLGA
TCP
UDP
RTP
E-RTP
SIP
Traffic eng. (QoS)
LTE NW architecture
EPS
LTE/SAE Network
Elements
(eNB)
eNB functions:
Radio Resource
Management.
Selection of an MME at UE
attachment.
Routing of User Plane data
towards SA Gateway.
MME
MME function:
PCRF function:
IMS
IMS function:
Application
servers
P-GW
CSCF
IMS
MGW