Perencanaan Jaringan Seluler

Case Study: 3G System Design

Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak ( TE.4103 )
STT Telkom - BANDUNG

Conditions of 3G Planning
Planning should meet current standards and
demands and also comply with future
requirements.
Uncertainty of future traffic growth and service
needs.
High bit rate services require knowledge of
coverage and capacity enhancements methods.
Real constraints
Coexistence and co-operation of 2G and 3G for old
operators.
Environmental constraints for new operators.

Network planning depends not only on the

coverage but also on load.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Objectives of the Planning

Traffic Forecasting:
To measure the demand on targeted marked so as to allow an
appropriate growth of the Network.

Coverage:
To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability of the
service in the entire service area.

Capacity:
To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking and
delay.

Quality:
Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the
required QoS.

Costs:
To enable an economical network implementation when the
service is established and a controlled network expansion during
the life cycle of the network.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Business Planning
Marketing is responsible the revenue side and must also
produce a traffic forecast.
The engineering model must translate the traffic forecast into a
network plan and generate the capex and opex numbers to be
passed to the financial model.
The financial model takes in information from marketing,
including key metrics, revenue forecast, acquisition costs and
capex, opex from the engineering model.
Marketing
Model
Engineering Model

Finance
Model
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Financial model
Capturing all the detail of the customer base dynamics, the
financial model allows the most comprehensive and
rigorous approach to forecasting the cost base and
ultimately a valuation.
The financial model outputs are those used by decision
makers at board level and the financial community.
The presentation pack produced by the financial model
provides a complete business case, which takes the reader
from an analysis of the population through to a range of
valuations.
The valuation of the business case is the ultimate objective
of the suite of models.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

The model combines inputs from the marketing and the engineering
models with operating cost assumptions to forecast the financial
statements and free cash flow.
Engineering
Models Network
Opex and Capex
Forecasts

Market Forecast
Model
Customers and
Forecasts

Network Capex and Opex Forecast

08/23/15

Revenue

Business Planning
Model

Profit
& Loss

Operational
Structure,
Distribution
Channels, Staffing
etc.

Balanc
e
Sheet

Operating Cost Assumptions

Cash
Flow
All figures in Nominal Local Currency

Free Cash Flow in Nominal Local

Currency
(Operating Cash Flow less Capital
Expenditure)
SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Marketing Model
What
What kind
kind of
of
Services
Services do
do we
we
offer?
offer?
How
How many
many
customers
customers do
do we
we
have?
have?

Revenue
Revenue Forecast
Forecast

How
How much
much are
are
they
willing
they willing to
to
spend?
spend?

Traffic
Traffic Forecast
Forecast

What
What are
are our
our
tariffs?
tariffs?

Essentially the question is how many customers are there and what
does the mobile operator has to deliver for the money paid by those
customers.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Cost and Revenue Structure

End User Revenue

3G
Operators
Radio
Network
Cost

End
User
08/23/15

3G
Operators
Core
Network
Cost

Internet
Connectivit
y Cost
3G
Operators
Hosting
Platform
Revenue

Third Party Revenue

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

The Diversity of 3G Applications and

Sources of Billing
Custome
r

Category

Individu
al
End User
Corporat
e

Advertis
er

Third
Party

Content
Provider
ECommer
ce
Vendor

Other Operator

08/23/15

What is Billed

Application Type
Telephony, Internet access,
messaging
Information & Entertainment
Video Services

Voice & data transport

Content
Service rendered

Corporate Intranet

Transport, security, application

development,
hosting
Transport, closed user group,
application
Hits, exposure, hosting, transport
Interconnect

Machine
Machine to machine
Direct access
Visits or responses
Pushing targeted
advertisements

Customer information, transport

Content placed on portal or in

walled
garden, retail outlet
Delivery of push content, e.g.
share
Sales transaction
price information

Hosting, content & customer data

management,
transport, secure transaction, billing &
collection
Transport
Transport
Hosting, billing & collection, secure,
payment,
transport
User profile information, transport

Targeting
Targeting information at
individuals
who fulfil certain criteria
Interconnect
Network
Network capacity, e.g. MVNO
Roaming

Terminating traffic on operators

network
Transport, co-location
Transport

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

3G Tariff Dimensions for different

Services Packages
Tariff Dimension
Application

Example

Access
Bandwid
th

WebBrowsing,
Intranet
Access
Time
Sensitive
Information

Looking up
web-pages

Highly
Relevant

Streaming
Media

Video
Telephony

Messaging

E-mail,
telemetry

Relevant

File Transfer

Download
software

Highly
Relevant

Shopping

Visit virtual
shops

Information /
Entertainme
nt

News,
Games,
Gambling

08/23/15

Share
prices

Bit Rate
Guarante
e
Relevant

Data
Volume

Highly
Relevant
Highly
Relevant

Per
Event

Free to
End-User

Content

Relevant

Highly
Relevant
Highly
Relevant

Highly
Relevant
Relevant

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Highly
Relevant

10

Tariff Plans to Suit Market Segments

and Applications.
Custome
r

Internet & Intranet

Access

Messaging

Mass
Market
Consume
r

Internet Caf model:

pay per day when you
want to use the service
Low cost walled garden
Internet access with
limited messaging
features
Monthly subscription

Pay per message

without file attachment
Bundled number of
messages per month
Free to user: 3rd party
pays, e.g. payment
instruction to bank

Monthly subscription

Bundled number of
messages per month
Unlimited messaging
without file attachment

Negotiated annual
subscription

Negotiated annual
subscription

Negotiated annual
subscription

Negotiated annual
subscriptions per user
Wholesale: Negotiated
based on overall usage

Negotiated

Negotiated based on
usage
Revenue sharing

Techy /
Small
Business

Corporat
e

Third
Party

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Content
Subscription based on
subscription to content
Pay per event
Pay per use for user
pulled content
Free to user: 3rd party
pays, e.g. product
information, bank
balance
Same as for mass
market consumers

11

Pendahuluan
Implementasi suatu jaringan telekomunikasi di suatu wilayah disamping

berhadapan dengan regulasi telekomunikasi, juga akan berhadapan

dengan situasi pasar yang harus dipelajari dengan seksama untuk
mengantisipasi berbagai kemungkinan. Di bawah ini adalah 3 tugas besar
yang harus dikerjakan seorang analis pasar ...
1. Prediksi gross income (pendapatan kasar).
Berbagai upaya dapat dilakukan untuk meneliti gross income,
diantaranya adalah penelitian populasi penduduk, rata-rata
income, tipe-tipe bisnis yang berkembang, dll
2. Pengenalan kompetitor
Penting untuk diketahui situasi kompetitor yang ada, untuk
memastikan adanya peluang. Dalam hal ini bisa dilihat cakupan
dari kompetitor, performansi sistemnya, maupun juga jumlah
pelanggan untuk dibandingkan jumlah pelanggan potensial yang
belum terlayani.
3. Keputusan cakupan geografis
Pertanyaannya adalah : mana daerah geografi yang dicakup
sistem yang diinginkan serta jenis layanan apa yang cocok untuk
daerah tersebut ? Pertanyaan tersebut harus dijawab untuk
kemudian diteruskan pada Bagian Teknik.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

12

Siklus Perencanaan Sistem Cellular

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

13

Apa sesungguhnya peranan seorang engineer ?

Setelah menerima
1. Memulai sketsa perencanaan pada daerah
pelayanan,
laporan dari analis
tujuannya adalah menghasilkan cakupan service pada daerah
ekonomi yang meneliti
pelayanan dengan sesedikit mungkin jumlah sel, kapasitas
kelayakan ekonomi,
sebesar mungkin untuk alokasi BW yang diberikan, serta kualitas
sebaik mungkin.
tugas seorang
engineer untuk
2. Menentukan jumlah kanal RF yang diperlukan untuk melayani
mewujudkan jaringan
prediksi trafik pada jam sibuk sampai beberapa tahun ke depan.
yang andal dari sisi
kapasitas, kualitas 3. Studi problem interferensi.
Cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference, maupun
dengan biaya
juga kemungkinan terjadinya intermodulasi dari tiap sel.
seefisien mungkin
Selanjutnya mencari cara-cara untuk mengatasi hal itu.

4. Studi mengenai probabilitas blocking pada tiap sel, serta

mencari langkah-langkah untuk meminimisasi hal tersebut
5. Perencanaan teknologi untuk menyerap pelanggan baru.
Jumlah kenaikan pelanggan baru akan tergantung kepada biaya
komunikasi, performansi sistem, serta juga kecenderungan bisnis.
Secara teknik harus dipikirkan upgrading sistem, teknik-teknik
pengembangan kapasitas untuk BW yang terbatas pada layanan
sistem komunikasi bergerak.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

14

Lalu..
Sebelum merencanakan sistem, seorang engineer harus memiliki pengetahuan yang
mendalam mengenai dasar-dasar teknologi selular, yang meliputi struktur sel, channel
asignment, cell splitting, sistem sel overlay, pemrosesan panggilan, konsep propagasi
radio , dan berbagai prinsip lainnya.
Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan dimuka, bahwa langkah pertama desain jaringan
telekomunikasi selalu berdasar tentang estimasi apa yang akan terjadi pada masa
datang terhadap jaringan yang hendak direncanakan. Dalam hal ini prediksi trafik
telekomunikasi merupakan hal penting yang pertamakali akan dilakukan.
Filosofi umum dari desain jaringan telekomunikasi adalah mendapatkan performansi
terbaik dengan minimal cost. Performansi radio meliputi kualitas kanal fisik untuk kontrol
/ signalling dan juga kanal fisik suara. Dalam kaitan ini, ukuran dari kualitas transmisi
adalah S/(I+N) atau biasa disebut RF signal to impairement ratio.
Seorang RF enginner harus menganalisis 2 macam kondisi : (1), Pada kondisi yang
terburuk, dan (2), Pada kondisi rata-rata yang dicapai oleh jaringan yang didesain.
Dalam hal ini, kondisi performansi rata-rata akan menunjukkan ukuran persepsi
pelanggan mengenai kualitas yang akhirnya bermuara pada kepuasan pelanggan.
Sedangkan analisis kondisi terburuk adalah untuk mencegah berbagai kasus terburuk
yang mungkin akan terjadi.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

15

Adalah cukup sulit untuk mencapai performansi yang diharapkan

pada lingkungan komunikasi mobile yang sangat kompleks. Karena
itu diharapkan seorang engineer memiliki berbagai pengetahuan untuk
melakukan optimalisasi sistem yang nantinya akan melibatkan
berbagai solusi kompromi dari berbagai kondisi trade off yang nantinya
akan dihadapi. Berbagai metoda optimalisasi jaringan komunikasi
bergerak seluler ini diberikan pada bagian selanjutnya.

Tujuan Perencanaan Jaringan Selular...

Kapasitas

Goal

Coverage
Kualitas

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

16

Tujuan dari Perencanaan

B W y a n g d is e d ia k a n
P r e d ik s i tr a fik

K A P A S IT A S

A v a ila b ilit a s s is te m
B la n k s p o t

COVERAGE
A n a lis a S ta tis tik

L a y a n a n (s u a r a /d a ta )
BER
E b /N o

K U A L IT A S
A n a lis a P a th lo s s
L in k B u d g e ttin g
P o w e r P la n n in g

R e k o n f ig u r a s i
P ilih a n K o m p o n e n
F r e q u e n c y p la n n in g

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

Perencanaan jaringan
dimulai dari alokasi
lebar pita frekuensi
yang diberikan
pemerintah kepada
suatu operator seluler.
Alokasi lebar pita
frekuensi inilah yang
digunakan oleh
operator untuk
memberikan layanan
komunikasi dengan
kualitas komunikasi
yang sebaik-baiknya
dan untuk sebanyakbanyaknya user.
17

Diagram Alir Perencanaan Sel

START

Analisa kapasitas
yang dibutuhkan
Atot = (Erlang)
Kapasitas sistem
dari BW yang
dialokasikan
Asel = (Erlang /
sel)

Kapasitas
Prediksi trafik
yang dibutuhkan
sampai dengan
beberapa tahun
ke depan
(Analisis
statistik
demand)

Jumlah sel
Atot /Asel = (sel)

Luas Sel

Luas Area Pelayanan

Jumlah Sel

Luas Sel
Jari Jari Sel
2,6
08/23/15

Kualitas

OPTIMASI
Threshold
handover
Daya Pancar
Noise Figure, dll
Analisa Pathloss
Analisa Link Budget
Perhitungan Daya
Frequency Planning

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

END

Yes
No

KUALITAS
OKE ?

Coverage
18

Traffic Forecasting

Traffic Forecasting
Penetration & total subscribers
Customers, gross adds, churn
Voice, data and other source of revenues
User growth joint up to maturity of the
network.
As initial works to measure the required
capacity
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

20

Demographic Anatomy of
Targeted Market (i-th year!)
Total Population
100%

70% Old Enough

to Own
Mobile Phone

08/23/15

60% With Sufficient

Income

Addressable Market
42%
80% Expresses
Interest: Potential
Demand 33.6% of
Population

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

21

Propensity to Adopt Mobile Comm. by Age

example from Western European country: Age is an important
discriminator.
Propensity to Adopt by Age
80%

y =-0.0106x +0.9686
R2 =0.9333

Potential Adopters

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
17

27

37

47
57
Age of Potentail Adopters

67

77

A Western European country, sample 1,000 interviews 1

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

22

Correlation between propensity to adopt mobile & income

example lower income country: Income matters.
Propensity to Adopt Cellular by Income
Potential Adopters in Sample

60%
50%

y =0.0852x +0.0471
2
R =0.9818

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
<30

30-50

50-70

70-90

90-110

>110

Monthly Net Income

A Far Eastern country, sample 1,500 interviews 19

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

23

Penetration Growth
60%

08/23/15

Potential Demand Ceiling

Penetration of Population

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

The potential demand

assumptions should be
linked to changing
demographic patterns
and changes in income.
The potential demand
sets a penetration
ceiling, conceptually the
maximum potential
penetration is the level at
which the service life
cycle curve reaches its
upper limit.

0%

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

24

0%

08/23/15
SISKOMBER-TE.4103
2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

100

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

Number of Subsc. (Million)

Growth of Subscribers

120

Saturation Level

80

60

40

20

25

Traffic Growth
240

Saturation Level

Offered Traffic (kErl)

200

160

120

80

e.g voice traffic/user = 27 mErl which comprises 80% of total traffic,

Data traffic/user = 10 mErl which is the rest of total traffic. Combined
average generated traffic per user is 23.1 mErl.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

26

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

0%

1996

1995

40

The Traffic Data from the Marketing Model

Drives Network Dimensioning.
Because the model is intended to be used in the
business-planning phase, it is essential that a
range of scenarios can be evaluated rapidly.
The impact of varying, for example, different
tariffs can be calculated instantly.
The engineering model can run completely in
the background so that business planners can
run scenarios without recourse to engineering.

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

27

The Engineering Model covers Capex

and Opex for 2G and 3G Networks.
The capex and opex part of the 3G Mobile
Toolkit covers the technical aspects, including
capital and operational expenditures.
The scope of the 3G engineering model
includes dimensioning and costing for the
following elements:
Radio network
Core network & interconnect
Server network
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

28

ENGINEERING
MODEL

Whats New on 3G
Multiservice environment:
Highly sophisticated radio interface.
Bit rates from 8 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s, also variable rate.

Cell coverage and service design for multiple

services:
different bit rate
different QoS requirements.

Various radio link coding/throughput adaptation

schemes.
Interference averaging mechanisms:
need for maximum isolation between cells.

Best effort provision of packet data.

Intralayer handovers
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

30

Whats New on 3G
Air interface:
Capacity and coverage coupled.
Fast power control.
Planning a soft handover overhead.
Cell dominance and isolation
Vulnerability to external interference

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

31

Whats New on 3G
2G and 3G:
Co-existence of 2G and 3G sites.
Handover between 2G and 3G systems.
Service continuity between 2G and 3G.

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

32

3G (WCDMA) Radio Network

Planning Process

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

33

1 . Coverage
st

coverage regions;
area type information:
Dense Urban, Urban, sub-urban, or rural

propagation conditions:
Indoor, outdoor

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

34

Radio Link Budgets (WCDMA)

There are some WCDMA-specific parameters in the link
budget that are not used in a TDMA-based:
Interference margin:
it is needed due to the traffic loading of the cell. The more loading is
allowed, the larger is the interference margin needed in the uplink,
and the smaller is the coverage area. Typical values for the
interference margin are 1.03.0 dB, corresponding to 2050% Cell
loading.

Fast fading margin (power control headroom):

Some headroom is needed in MS TX power for maintaining
adequate closed loop fast power control to be able to effectively
compensate the fast fading. Typical values for the fast fading margin
are 2.05.0 dB for slow-moving MS.

Soft handover gain:

Soft handover gives an additional macro diversity gain against fast
fading by reducing the required Eb/No relative to a single radio link.
The soft handover gain is assumed between 2.0 and 3.0 dB
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

35

RLB: Assumptions for MS and BS

MS

BS

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

36

Example of WCDMA RLB for Voice

Link budget of AMR 12.2 kbps voice service (120 km/h, in-car users,
Vehicular A type channel, with soft handover)

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

37

Example of WCDMA RLB for Data

Link
Linkbudget
budgetofof144
144kbps
kbpsreal-time
real-timedata
dataservice
service(3(3km/h,
km/h,indoor
indooruser
user
covered
by
outdoor
BS,
Vehicular
A
type
channel,
with
soft
handover)
covered by outdoor BS, Vehicular A type channel, with soft handover)

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

38

Cell range calculation

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

39

RLB: Okumura-Hatta Model

The propagation model describes the average signal propagation in

an environment, and it converts the maximum allowed propagation

loss in dB on the row u to the maximum cell range in kilometres.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

40

Maximum and Average Path Loss

in Macro Cells

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

41

Cell Range
From the RLB above, the cell range R can be
calculated. e.g with the OkumuraHata
propagation model for an urban macro cell with
base station antenna height of 30 m, mobile
antenna height of 1.5 m and carrier frequency of
1950 MHz:

L = 137.4 + 35.2 log10 (Rkm) ..Urban

L = 129.4 + 35.2 log10 (Rkm) Sub-Urban
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

42

Cell Range
From RLB above, MAPL for 12.2 kbps
voice service is 141.9 dB:
Urban: Rcell = 1.34 km
Sub-urban: Rcell = 2.27 km

For 144 kbps data service with MAPL =

133.8 dB:
Urban: Rcell = 0.79 km
Sub-urban: Rcell = 1.33 km
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

43

2 . Capacity
nd

Spectrum availability;
Subscriber growth forecast;
Traffic density information to estimate the
amount of supported traffic per base
station site.

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

44

3 . Quality of Service
th

Area location probability (coverage

probability);
Blocking probability;
End user throughput.

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

45

3G W-CDMA Capacity (1)

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

46

3G W-CDMA Capacity (2)

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

47

Uplink Load Factor

Load Factor:

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

48

Downlink Load Factor

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

49

Noise Rise Capacity

The load equation
predicts the amount of
noise rise over thermal
noise due to interference.
The noise rise is equal to

-10log10(1 UL).

The interference margin

on row i in the link budget
must be equal to the
maximum planned noise
rise.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

50

Example (DL) Load Factor Calculation

1.
2.
3.
4.

Assume the required aggregate cell throughput in kbps. Throughput is equal to the number of users Nx(bit rate R)x(1 - BLER).
Calculate load factor DL from Equation above.
Calculate average path loss from RLB.
Calculate maximum path loss by adding 6 dB.

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

51

Maximum Path Loss Calculations

for Data Transmission

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

52

Capacity vs Coverage

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

53

Base Station Transmission Power

The minimum required transmission power for each user is determined
by the average attenuation between base station transmitter and
mobile receiver, L, and the mobile receiver sensitivity, in the absence of
multiple access interference (intra- or inter-cell). Then the effect of
noise rise due to interference is added to this minimum power and the
total represents the transmission power required for a user at an
average location in the cell. Mathe-matically, the total base station
transmission power can be expressed by the followingequation:

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

54

Effect of BS TX Power to DL
Capacity and Coverage

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

55

Capacity per Subscriber

Capacity depends on AMR rate (voice) and data
rate for the associated Eb/No.
e.g. 5 MHz W-CDMA carrier capacity is 800
kbps/cell or 80 voice channels/cell, Downlink
Packet Access (HSDPA) carrier capacity is 2000
kbps/cell.
Cell capacity utilisation is 80% during busy
hours;
Busy hour carries 20 % of daily traffic.
1000 subscribers per site;
3 sectors per site, 2 carrier (i.e 10MHz), Config.
2+2+2
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

56

Capacity per Subscriber

Uplink:

Equivalent with 1725 minutes/Subc./month

Downlink Packet Access:

650 MB/Subc./Month

With split 50/50, we get 325 MB + 862

min/subc./month
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

57

Typical Capacity of W-CDMA

Capacities per km2 with macro and micro layers in an urban area
Capacities per km2 with macro and micro layers in an urban area

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

58

Iteration of Capacity and Coverage

Calculations

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

59

Case Study: Planning in Espoo,

Finland
Please refer to:
Hari Holma & Antti Toskala, WCDMA for
UMTS, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Son, 2004,
p.210 214.
Course Work: Make a resume from that
section! Submit due to the end of Semester
(before UAS).

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

60

Network Optimisation
Network optimisation is a process to
improve the overall network quality as
experienced by the mobile subscribers
and to ensure that network resources are
used efficiently. Optimisation includes:
1. Performance measurements.
2. Analysis of the measurement results.
3. Updates in the network configuration and
parameters.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

61

Network Optimisation Process

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

62

Network Performance
Measurements

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

63

Network Tuning with Antenna Tilts

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

64

GSM - WCDMA Co-Planning

Utilisation of existing base station sites is important in speeding up WCDMA
deployment and in sharing sites and transmission costs with the existing
GSM networks. The feasibility of sharing sites depends on the relative
coverage of the existing network compared to WCDMA. Typical maximum
path losses with existing GSM and with WCDMA:

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

65

Co-siting of GSM and WCDMA

Since the coverage of WCDMA typically is satisfactory when
reusing GSM sites, GSM site reuse is the preferred solution in
practice.
The co-siting of GSM and WCDMA is taken into account in 3GPP
performance requirements and the interference between the
systems can be avoided.
Co-sited WCDMA and GSM systems can share the antenna
when a dual band or wideband antenna is used. The antenna
needs to cover both the GSM band and UMTS band. GSM and
WCDMA signals are combined with a diplexer to the common
antenna feeder.
The shared antenna solution is attractive from the site solution
point of view but it limits the flexibility in optimising the antenna
directions of GSM and WCDMA independently.
Another co-siting solution is to use separate antennas for the two
networks. That solution gives full flexibility in optimising the
networks separately.
08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

66

Co-siting of GSM and WCDMA

08/23/15

SISKOMBER-TE.4103

67

Thank You