INTERLOCKS

1.Boiler main interlocks

2. Furnace purge
3. Burners common interlocks
3.1 Start burners interlocks for natural
gas
3.2 Start burner interlocks for oil
3.3 Load burners interlocks for natural
gas
3.4 Load burners interlocks for oil
4. Black liquor injection pum(s)
5. Conditions for black liquor firing
6. Black liquor line purge
7. Black liquor line wash
8. DNCG gas dampers
9. Vent gas dampers
10. Boiler emergency stop
11. Burners emergency stop
12. Boiler water and steam emergency
stop
13. Rapid drain
14, CNCG burner propane interlocks
15, CNCG burner methanol interlocks
16. CNCG burner CNCG gas interlocks
17. Incinerator, propane firing interlocks
18. Incinerator, CNCG gas interlocks

1. BOILER MAIN
INTERLOCKS
Flue gas route open
No emergency stop
Drum level normal
Not high pressure in the
furnace
Boiler not plugged
Air flow to the boiler
high enough

1. BOILER MAIN INTERLOCKS

At least one I.D. fan running and dampers
before and after this fan open
2/3 drum level measurements (LIC-116,
LIC-117 and LIC-118) > -250 mm and <
+250 mm and safefy device reading is
between -300 mm and +300 mm
Emegency shut-down not activated
At least 2/3 furnace pressure
measurements (PI-280, PI-281 and PI282) < 3 kPa
Boiler bank dp (PDI-310 or PDI-301) and
economizer 2 dp (PDI-311 or PDI-302)
are reading < 1,5 kPa
Primary air fan running and air flow >12
Nm3/s (FIC-220)
Low secondary air fan running and air
flow (FC-231) > 13 Nm3/s
High secondary air flow (FC-245) > 13
Nm3/s
Watchdog ( DCS PLC) ok
Acknowledge is done

2. FURNACE PURGE
Boiler main interlocks OK
No fuel to the boiler
Enough air to the boiler during
purge
Purge lasts 7 minutes
Operator acknowledge

2. FURNACE PURGE

1.
2.
3.
4.

Boiler main interlocks OK all the

time
Start/load burner gas and oil
valves and CNCG burner propane
shut-off valves closed
When operator starts purge, air
flows are automatically set so that
Primary air flow > 28 Nm3/s
Low secondary air flow > 28
Nm3/s
High secondary air flow > 28
Nm3/s
T/Rs are turned off

3. BURNERS COMMON
INTERLOCKS
Boiler main interlocks OK
Boiler emergency shut-down
not activated
Oil burning emergency stop
not activated
Instrument air pressure (PS465) > 0,5 MPa
Burning allowed (boiler purged
or liguor firing on or gas/oil
burner running)
Ingition gas pressure > 5kPa
during start condition

3.1 START BURNERS

INTERLOCKS FOR NATURAL
GAS
Burner common interlocks OK
Natural gas selected and
pressure more than 0,01 MPa
and less than 0,15 MPa
Average low secondary air
pressure (PI-233 and PI-234)
>1kPa
Note !Gas lance must be in
firing position when starting the
burner

3.2 START BURNERS

INTERLOCKS FOR OIL
Burner common interlocks OK
Oil pressure more than 0,3
MPa and less than 0,8 MPa
Mill air pressure > 0,4 MPa
Oil selected
Average low secondary air
pressure (PI-233 and PI-234) >
1kPa
Note ! Oil lance must be in
firing position when starting the
burner

3.3 LOAD BURNERS

INTERLOCKS FOR NATURAL
GAS
Burners common interlocks OK
Natural gas pressure more than 0,005
MPa and less than 0,2 MPa
Natural gas selected
At least two start burners on or black
liquor firing on
Drum pressure > 6 MPa and steam
temperature more than 50 C above
saturation temperature
Load burner air flow high enough (1
burner >7,3 Nm3/s, 2 burners >14,5
Nm3/s , 3 burners >22,0 Nm3/s)
Tertiary air fan running
Gas lance must be in firing position
when starting the burner

3.4 LOAD BURNERS

INTERLOCKS FOR OIL
Burner common interlocks OK
Oil pressure more than 0,4 MPa and
less than 0,95 MPa
Oil selected
At least two start burners on or black
liquor firing on
Drum pressure > 6 MPa and main
steam temperature more than 50 C
above drum saturation temperature
Load burner air flow high enough (1
burner >7,1 Nm3/s, 2 burners >14,2
Nm3/s , 3 burners >21,5 Nm3/s)
Tertiary air fan running
Mill air pressure > 0,4 MPa
Note ! Oil lance must be in firing
position when starting the burner

4. BLACK LIQUOR INJECTION

PUMP(S)
Black liquor pump(s) can be started
if emergency stop is not activated
and black liquor lines are ready.
Black liquor lines are ready if:
Direct heater in use. Heater inlet
valve (GZO-353) and outlet valve
(GZO-364) are open
Heaters by-passed. Inlet (GZO-353)
valve glosed, outlet valve (GZO-364)
open and valve (GZO-354) open
Indirect heater inlet (GZC-356) and
outlet (GZC-362) are connected
Heaters in serie. Direct heater inlet
valve (GZO-353) open and outlet
valve (GZO-364) close. Indirect
heater inlet (GZC-356) and outlet
(GZC-362) are connected and valve
(GZO-354) open

5. Conditions for black liquor firing

Operator has selected BOILER
Boiler main interlocks OK
At least one injection pump running and
wash water not connected ???
At least one start burner on or black liquor
firing on
Drum pressure > 6 MPa and main steam
temperature more than 50 C above drum
saturation temperature
Black liquor temperature (TI-365) >110C
Black liquor pressure (PIC-372) > 250 kPa
Low secondary air flow (FIC-231)
> 15 Nm3/s
Primary air flow (FIC-220) > 15 Nm3/s
At least one refractometer is reading >
60%
Black liquor lines are purged or all liquor
gun safety gates are closed
Emercency shut-down not activated
Manual liquor divert not on
NOTE ! Boiler main interlocks require high
secondary air flow > 13 Nm3/s

6. BLACK LIQUOR LINE

PURGE
Conditions for black liquor burning
OK
HEADER selected
Black liquor purge (2 min) starts
automatically when recirculation
flow >17,5 l/s
After liquor line purge all the liquor
pressure control valves on each
wall are released if dissolving tank
level > 1,5 m
READY TO START BL FIRING
Must be valid all the time when
liquor is burned

7. BLACK LIQUOR LINE WASH

Operator has selected WASH and

not boiler
Boiler emergency shut-down and
black liquor manual divert is not
activated
All black liquor gun port safety
gates are closed
selecting HEADER releases
following valves for operators
control
1. Black liquor recirculation valve
2. Indirect and direct black liquor
steam valve
3. Black liquor pressure control
valve on each wall

8.DNCG GAS DAMPERS

Boiler main interlocks OK

Main steam flow (FI-901) > 52,0 kg/s
High secondary air fan running
Scrubber upper circulation pump
running
Gas from scrubber temperature (TIC520) < 50 C
Gas temperature (TIC-239) after
heating > 70 C
High secondary air average pressure
(PI-247, PI-248) > 1 kPa
High secondary air fan suction
pressure (PC-240) < -200 Pa
High secondary air temperature (TI244) after preheater > 105 C

DNCG gas ready for burning

9.VENT GAS DAMPERS

Boiler main interlocks ok
Drum pressure > 6 MPa and main
steam temperature more than 50C
above drum saturation temperature
Vent gas fan running
Upper circulation pump running
At least one vent gas port open
Gas temperature (TIC-535) after
cooling < 60 C
Gas temperature (TIC-540) after
heater > 70 C
Vent gas flow (FC-542) > 4 Nm3/s
All 3 vent gas line water pockets
level switches < max
Vent gases ready for burning

10. BOILER EMERGENCY

STOP

Alarm horns and beacons on

Boiler main interlocks trip (T/Rs
off,boiler purge prevented)
Black liquor injection pump(s) stops
Bl direct heater steam valve closes
Black liquor is diverted
Black liquor spraying pressure
control valves close (each wall)
Black liquor recirculation valve
closes
Burner emergency stop activated
DNCG vent opens and isolation
dampers close
Vent gas fan stops, vent damper
opens and damper gases to boiler
closes

10. BOILER EMERGENCY

STOP (Cont.)
Primary air fan stops and isolation
damper closes
Low secondary air flow is set to prefix
value
Upper secondary air fan speed is set
to prefix value
DNCG gas preheater steam valve
closes
Tertiary air fan starts and fan speed
and flow damper are set prefix value
Start-up block valve opens fully and
control valve opens 20 % (relased for
operator)
Sootblowing stops and steam line
block valve closes when last
sootblower is in home position

11. BURNERS EMERGENCY

STOP
Oil inlet valve (HV-661) and return
valve (HV-675) close
Natural gas inlet valve (HV-466) closes
and vent valve (HV-467) opens
Propane inlet valve (HV-474) closes
and vent valve (HV-475) opens
CNCG burner propane inlet valve (HV592) closes and vent valve (HV-593)
opens
Burners common interlocks off
Start and load burners oil/gas shut-off
valves close and gas vent line opens
CNCG burner propane shut-off valves
(XV-01,XV-03) close and vent valve (XV05) opens
CNCG burner methanol shut-off valves
close (XV-10,XV-11)
CNCG gas shut-off valves (XV-27,XV28) close and vent valve (XV-29) opens

12. BOILER WATER AND

STEAM EMERGENCY STOP
Activates after pushing boiler
emergency stop
Feedwater pump(s) stop, motor valves
after pump(s) close and chemical
dosing pumps stop
Feedwater control valves close
Feedwater valve (HV-153) and water
valve (HV-152) from sweetwater
condenser to attemperators close
Main steam valves (HV-165,-166) close
Continous blowdown valve (HV-213)
closes
Low and medium steam to air
preheaters close (HV-491and HV-494)
Mp-steam valve (HV-493) to liquor
preheater closes
Sootblowing steam line block valves
(HV-170 and HV-172) close

13. RAPID DRAIN

Activates after pushing boiler

emergency, water and steam stop
pushbuttons
Start-up valves close
All rapid drain valves open
After 15 minutes screen tubes rapid
drain valve closes (HV-127)
Note ! During normal operation all
rapid lines manual valves must be
open. Hand valves must be closed
when testing rapid drain system

14.CNCG BURNER PROPANE

INTERLOCKS
Burners common interlocks OK
Average low secondary (PI-233
and PI-234) air pressure >1kPa
At least one start burner on or black
liquor firing on
Propane lance in place
To start CNCG burner sequence
Propane pressure > 0,05 kPa
Burning must be allowed
Ignition gas pressure > 5kPa

15.CNCG BURNER
METHANOL INTERLOCKS
Burners common interlocks
OK
Average low secondary (PI-233
and PI-234) air pressure >1kPa
Mill air pressure > 0,4 MPa
Methanol density < 900 kgr/m3
Methanol pressure > 0,05 MPa
Black liquor flow (FI-367) to
furnace > 5,2 kg/s
CNCG methanol lance in firing
position

16. CNCG BURNER CNCG

GAS INTERLOCKS
Burners common interlocks OK
Black liquor flow to furnace (FI-367) > 26
kg/s
Main steam flow (FI-901) > 88,9 kg/s
CNCG burner propane or methanol burning
on
CNCG gas burner lance in firing position
Water seal tank level (LI-555) < 0,7 m
Pumping tank level (LS-553) < max max
CNCG gas flow (FI-557) > 0,0 Nm3/s
LP-steam pressure (PS-567) > 0,2 MPa
CNCG gas line pressure 1 kpa < (PIC-561) <
20 kPa
Note ! CNCG gas will trip if during
start/burning
Droplet separator level switch (LS-559)
> max
Boiler or burner emergency stop is
activated
CNCG burner cooling air valve (XV-25 or
XV-26) close contact is lost

17. INCINERATOR, PROPANE

FIRING INTERLOCKS
Incinerator emergency stop not
activated
Instrument air pressure (PS-588) >
0,3 MPa
Incinerator gas temperatures (TIC590,TIC-591 and TIS-594) < 1050
C
Lp-steam pressure (PS-567) > 0,2
MPa
Note ! To run start sequence
Propane pressure (PS-589) > 0,2
MPa
Combustion air fan must be
ready

18. INCINERATOR, CNCG GAS

INTERLOCKS
Incinerator emergency stop not
activated
Incinerator propane firing on
Combustion air pressure (PIC587) > 1 kPa
CNCG gas pressure (PIC-565)
> 1 kPa