ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

A technique in inferential statistics designed to test

whether or not more than two samples or groups are
significantly different from each other. Developed by
R.A Fisher.
STEPS FOR ONE WAY CLASSIFICATION
1. State the null hypothesis, Ho.Also the alternative
hypothesis Ha, which will be accepted in case Ho is
rejected.
2. Determine the desired level of significance.
3. A)Compute for the sum of squares (TSS, SSB, SSW)
A.1)Total sum of squares (TSS) is computed by
getting the sum of the
squares of each entry minus the
2
correction term, x / N

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TSS x 2 x / N
2

A.2 Between sum of squares, SSB 1/r of the

sum of squares of the columns sum, minus the
correction term where r refers to the number of
rows. SSB 1 ( x ) 2 ( x) 2 / N
r

ij

A.3. Within column sum of squares, SSW

difference between the total sum of squares and
between sum of squares.

SSW TSS SSB

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
3.B. Compute for the degrees of freedom.
B.1. dft = rk-1 or number of observation 1
B.2. dfb = k-1 or number of column 1
B.3. dfw = dft dfb
Enter the computed values in ANOVA table.
Sources of
Variation
Between
Within
Total

Sum of Squares

Degrees of
Freedom

Mean Sum of
Squares

Computed
Value of F

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
3.C. Compute for the mean sum of squares (MSSb and
MSSw. MSS = SS/df
4. Locate the tabular value of F by getting the
intersection value of df of n1 and n2 .(F distribution table)
5. Calculate the value of F. F = MSSb/ MSSw
6. Compare the computed value of F with the tabular
value, then state the conclusion.
NOTE: If the computed value is less than the tabular
value, ACCEPT Ho. If it is greater than, REJECT Ho.

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Example: One way Classification
Group A

Group B

Group C

A2

B2

C2

12

18

144

324

36

18

17

324

289

16

16

16

14

256

256

196

18

64

324

16

12

36

144

36

12

17

12

144

289

144

10

10

14

100

100

196

82

108

60
250

1068

1726

640
3,434

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
TWO WAY CLASSIFICATION
Suppose that we want to compare the cholesterol
contents of four competing diet food on the basis of the
following data(mg/pack), which were obtained for three
6oz packages of each of the diet food.
LAB 1

LAB 2

LAB 3

TOTAL

DIET FOOD A

3.6

4.1

4.0

11.7

DIET FOOD B

3.1

3.2

3.9

10.2

DIET FOOD C

3.2

3.5

3.5

10.2

DIET FOOD D

3.5

3.8

3.8

11.1

TOTAL

13.4

14.6

15.2

43.2

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
STEPS FOR TWO WAY CLASSIFICATION
1. State the null and alternative hypothesis.
2. Determine the desired level of significance.
3. a)Compute for the sum of squares (TSS, Sstreatment,
Ssblocks,SSE)
b)Compute for the degrees of freedom (dft, dftreatment,
dfblocks, dferror)
c)Compute for the Mean Sum of Squares
(MSStreatment, MSSblocks, MSSerror)
Enter the computed values in Analysis of Variance
Table
4. Locate the tabular value by getting the intersection of
the degrees of freedom of the numerator and
degrees of freedom of denominator.

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
SOURCES OF
VARIATION

SUM OF
SQUARES

DEGREES OF MEAN SUM

F
FREEDOM
OF SQUARES (COMPUTED)

TREATMENT

SStr

K-1

BLOCKS

SSb

N-1

ERROR

SSe

(K-1)(N-1)

TOTAL

TSS

MSS tr

SS tr
df tr

Ftr

MSS tr
MSS e

MSS b

SS b
df b

Fb

MSS b
MSS e

MSS e

SS e
df e

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE