Chapter 3:

The Mole: Relating the Microscopic

World of Atoms to Laboratory
Measurements

Brady & Senese 5th

Ed.

Mole concept!
Compare:
1 g of H to 1 g of O
Which will have more atoms??
Why??- oxygen b/c it has a higher
atomic number.
Each atom of H weighs --- 1 u
Each atom of O weighs ---- 16 u

What Is a Mole?
Mole: One mole is defined as the number
of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C
carbons. E.g:
1 mole of H =
1 mole of O =
1 mole Na =

where atomic weight given in Gram Atomic

Units
1 mole of element X = gram atomic mass of
X
3.1 The mole conveniently links
mass to number of atoms or
molecules

Relationships

1 Mole of X = 6.0223 1023 units of X

This is a conversion factor to convert
between u and g

1g

6.0223 1023

atomic mass units (u)

grams (g)
6.0223 1023

1 g

3.1 The mole conveniently links

mass to number of atoms or
molecules

Avogadros Number
Avogadros number, N: One mole of any
substance contains the same number of
units
1 mole of X = 6.022 X 1023 units of X

1 mole H =
1 mol NaCl =
1 mole things =

Moles: Atoms
5.0 g Si is how many moles Si?
How many Si atoms?
1 mole of Si = 28.0 gms of Si
X moles of Si = 5.0 gms of Si
X = (1* 5.0)/28.0

Masses

Atomic Mass: Weight of an atom in grams

E.g. H, C, O
Molecular Mass: Weight of a molecule in
grams
E.g. H2, O2, H2O
Formula Mass: Weight of an ionic compound
in grams. E.g. NaCl, Ca(OH)2
Molar Mass: Weight of any substance in
grams!!
E.g. H, O, H2, O2, H2O and NaCl.

Formula Mass (FM) and

Molecular Mass(MM)
Calculation of Gram Molecular Mass of
H2O
MW =
Calculation of Gram Formula Mass of
NaCl
MW =

Relationships
Molar Mass (MM) g = 1 mole
Use this as a conversion factor to
convert between these quantities
1 mole

MM g

Mass (g)

mole
MM g

1 mole
3.1 The mole conveniently links
mass to number of atoms or
molecules

Converting Between Mass and

Moles
Given that the molar mass of CO2 is 44.01
g/mol
What mass of CO2 is found in 1.55 moles?

How many moles of CO2 are there in 10 g?

10/44= 5/22

3.1 The mole conveniently links

mass to number of atoms or
molecules

10

Your Turn!
What is the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 in
g/mol?
Ca: 40.08
P: 30.97
O:16.00

A. 279.20
B. 215.21
C. 310.18
D. None of these
3.1 The mole conveniently links
mass to number of atoms or
molecules

11

Mole conversion
What mass in g, of Ca3(PO4)2 (MM =
310.18 g/mol) would a 3.2 mole
sample have?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

1.0 10-3 g
9.9 102 g
6.0 1026 g
1.6 10-21 g
None of these
3.1 The mole conveniently links
mass to number of atoms or
molecules

12

Learning Check: Mole

Conversions

What is the average mass of one molecule of

carbon tetrachloride? (MM of CCl4 is 153.8
g/mol)
153.8/ 6.0223 1023 =2.55x10^24

3.1 The mole conveniently links

mass to number of atoms or
molecules

13

3.2 Chemical Formula &

stoichiometry

To relate components of a compound to the

compound quantity we look at the chemical
formula
In Na2CO3 there are 3 relationships:
2 mol Na: 1 mol Na2CO3
1 mol C: 1 mol Na2CO3
3 mol O: 1 mol Na2CO3

3.2 Chemical formulas relate

amounts of substances in a
compound

14

Learning Check
Calculate the number of moles of sodium in
2.53 moles of sodium carbonate.

Calculate the number of atoms of sodium in

2.53 moles of sodium carbonate.

3.2 Chemical formulas relate

amounts of substances in a
compound

15

Your Turn
Calcium Phosphate is widely found in nature
in the form of natural minerals. In one case a
sample is found to contain 0.864 moles of
phosphorus. How many moles of Ca3(PO4)2
are in that sample?
.432

3.2 Chemical formulas relate

amounts of substances in a
compound

16

Your Turn!

How many atoms of iron are in a 15.0

g sample of iron(III) oxide (MM 159.70
g/mol)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

1.13 1023
9.39 10-2
5.66 1022
1.88 10-1
None of these

3.2 Chemical formulas relate

amounts of substances in a
compound

17

Estimation of Mass Ratio

Your Turn
Chlorophyll the green pigment in leaves, has
the formula C55H72MgN4O5. If 0.0011 g of Mg
is available to plant for chlorophyll
synthesis, how many grams of C will be
required to completely use up the Mg?

=.030 g

3.2 Chemical formulas relate

amounts of substances in a
compound

19

Percent Composition
Percent composition is a list of the mass
percent of each element in a compound
Na2CO3 is
43.38% Na = total weight of Na/total mass of
compound. 46/106 x 100
11.33% C 12/106 x 100
45.29% O 48/106 x 100

What is the sum of the percent

composition of a compound? 100%
3.3 Chemical formulas can be determined from
20
experimental mass measurements

Percent Composition:
Calculation?

What is the % C in CO2? =27.3

% mass of element
= (Mass of element/mass of whole sample)
X 100%

3.3 Chemical formulas can be

determined from experimental
mass measurements

21

Learning Check

A sample contained 0.1417 g nitrogen

and 0.4045 g oxygen. What is the
percentage
composition
of
this
compound?
N = 25%
O= 75%

3.3 Chemical formulas can be

determined from experimental
mass measurements

22

Your Turn!
A 35.5 g sample is found to contain
23.5% Si. What is the mass of Si
present?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

6.62 10-1 g
8.88 101 g
1.51 102 g
8.34 g
None of these
3.3 Chemical formulas can be
determined from experimental
mass measurements

23

Identifying a compound based

on % composition
Calculate theoretical % composition of N2O4.

3.3 Chemical formulas can be

determined from experimental
mass measurements

24