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and
Wiring center
E
Figure 6.58
(a)
t=90, return
of first bit
t=490, reinsert
token
t=400, transmit
last bit
t=1240, reinsert
token
Figure 6.59
(a)
t=90, return
of first bit
A
t=400, transmit
last bit
t=210, return of
header
t=840, arrival
first frame bit
t=960, reinsert
token
7
Figure 6.60
Token Ring
Under light load delay is added due to waiting for
the token {on average delay is one half ring
propagation time}.
Under heavy load ring is round-robin.
Performance is fairer and better than Ethernet!!
10
AC
2 or 6
Destination
Address
FC
SD
J K 0 J K 0 0
Access
control
PPP
Frame
control
Ending
delimiter
Frame
status
Information FCS
0
J K 1 J K 1 I
xx
1
ED
FS
FF
frame type
ZZZZZZ control bit
x x
I
E
intermediate-frame bit
error-detection bit
A address-recognized bit
xx undefined
C frame-copied bit
M RRR
Z Z Z Z Z Z
FF
2 or 6
Source
Address
Starting
delimiter
ED
AC
11
Figure 6.61
12
13
Figure 6.62
FDDI Repair
14
FDDI Ring
Operation
15
FDDI
To accommodate a mixture of stream and bursty
traffic, FDDI is designed to handle two types of
traffic:
Synchronous frames that typically have tighter delay
requirements (e.g., voice and video)
Asynchronous frames have greater delay tolerances
(e.g., data traffic)
16
17
18
FDDI
19
FDDI
20
PRE
SD
FC
ED
PRE
SD
1
FC
2 or 6
Destination
Address
2 or 6
Source
Address
4
Information FCS
1
ED
1
FS
Preamble
Frame
Control
CLFFZZZZ
C = Synch/Asynch
L = Address length (16 or 48 bits)
FF = LLC/MAC control/reserved frame type
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
Figure 6.63
21
22
Token Ring
Shielded twisted pair
4, 16 Mbps
No reliability specified
Differential Manchester
Centralized clock
Priority and Reservation bits
All three token operations
possible
FDDI
Optical Fiber
100 Mbps
Reliability specified (dual
ring)
4B/5B encoding
Distributed clocking
Timed Token Rotation Time
Multi-token operation
23