Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Technology
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Definition:
A building that uses the latest advances in information
technology:
to enhance the way campus buildings work
to deliver new standards of performance and
profitability.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
INTEGRATED BUILDING
MANAGEMENT
HVAC
SYSTEMS
DDC
CONTROLS
REFRIGERATION
LIGHTING
CONTROL
LIFT
MANAGEMENT
EMERGENCY
POWER SYSTEMS
HYDRAULICS
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
ALARM
MONITORING
PLCS
Introduction-Energy Management
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Lighting
Equipment and machinery
Domestic hot water
Intelligent Buildings
Technology
Indoor Comfort
Thermal comfort
Visual Comfort
Thermal Comfort
activity
clothing
and environmental variables,
air temperature,
air velocity
air humidity
Temperature
The average air temperature from the floor at a height
of 1.1 m.
Air Velocity
Which affects convective heat loss from the body, i.e.
air at a greater velocity will seem cooler.
Air Humidity
Which affects the latent heat losses and has a
particularly important impact in warm and humid
environments
Direct indices
Rationally derived indices
Empirical indices
Direct indices
dry-bulb temperature
dew-point temperature
wet-bulb temperature
relative humidity
air movement
Rationally derived indices
operative temperature
thermal stress
Empirical indices
The result of using Fangers equations seems to predict the need for
much more closely controlled conditions than are usually found in free
running buildings, in which people still seem to be comfortable. Some
of the possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy between the
prediction of the Fanger model and the findings of the Humphreys
survey, are:
The thermal comfort parameters, air temperature, radiant temperature
and air movement vary spatially in a room, and the actual values
experienced by an occupant may not be those described by a "roomaverage value".
Thermal comfort parameters vary with time whereas the Fanger model
predicts a response for steady conditions.
The description of clothing level assumed in the use of the Fanger
equation may not be the same as is actually worn in the real situation.
The insulation value of the clothing may not be as predicted from the
description of the clothing ensemble.
The metabolic rate as assumed from the description of the activity
may not be the same as the actual metabolic rate.
Visual comfort
Direct Sunlight
Visual Comfort
Intelligent Buildings
Technology
Climate
Climate
Climate
Climate
Intelligent Buildings
Technology
Building Climate interaction
Building Envelope
Heat transfer
Conduction - C
Radiation - R
Convection - C
Heat transfer-Radiation
Heat transfer-Radiation
Intelligent Buildings
Technology
Energy Management Systems
Intelligent Building-Definitions
EIBG (European Intelligent Building Group):
One that incorporates the best available
concepts, materials, systems and technologies
integrating these to achieve a building which
meets or exceeds the performance
requirements of the building stakeholders, which
include the owners, managers and users, as
well as the local and global community.
Also from EIBG but more often quoted: One that
maximizes the efficiency of its occupants and
allows effective management of resource with
minimum life costs
Intelligent Building-Definitions
IBI (The Intelligent Buildings Institute in
Washington DC, US): one that provides a
productive and cost-effective environment
through optimization of its four basic
components - structure, systems, services
and
management
and
the
interrelationships between them.
General Architecture
Central Unit
Sensors
Actuators
General Architecture
Central Unit
Local
Controller
Sensors
Actuators
Local
Controller
Sensors
Actuators
Local
Controller
Sensors
Actuators