MAGIC

SQUARE
A MAGIC SQUARE IS AN ARRANGMENT OF THE
NUMBERS ROM 1 TO n^2 (n-squared) AN nxn
MATRIX,WITH EACH NUMBER OCCURRING EXACTLY
ONCE,AND SUCH THAT THE SUM OF THE ENTRIES OF
ANY ROW,ANY COLUMN,OR ANY MAIN DIAGONAL Is
THE SAME.
by-group I
roll no. 1-6

CONTENTS
1)HOW TO MAKE A MAGIC SQUARE
*3X3 MATRIX
*4X4 MATRIX
2)RAMANUJAN MAGIC SQUARE
3)BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MAGIC SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

RAMANUJAN MAGIC-SQUARE

Ben Franklin's Amazing

Magic Square

Ben Franklin's Amazing

Magic Square
1)All the rows and columns sum to the number 2056.
2)Half rows and half columns sum to 1028.
3)The sixteen entries in every 4x4 subsquare sum to 2056.
4)In the figures below, the bent diagonals going from top to
5)bottom (Figure 1) sum to 2056. Even the broken ones that have
6)Each bent diagonal or broken diagonal should have The other
three figures show the other diagonals going from from right to left
(Figure 2), from bottom to top (Figure 3) and from left to right (Figure
4) also have sums of 2056.

Ben Franklin's 8x8

Magic Square

1)All the rows and columns sum to the number 260,

2)all. Half rows and half columns sum to 130.
3)The four entries in every 2x2 subsquare sum to 130.

Ben Franklin's Amazing

Magic Square
In the figures below, the bent diagonals going from top to bottom
(Figure 1) sum to 260. Even the broken ones that have two pieces!
Follow the colored patterns and you will be able to check this. (Each
bent diagonal or broken diagonal should have 8 cells.) The other
three figures show the other diagonals going from from right to left
(Figure 2), from bottom to top (Figure 3) and from left to right (Figure
4) also have sums of 260.

making a magic square

Making a 3x3 matrix
In the 19th century,douard Lucasdevised the general formula for
order 3 magic squares. Consider the following table made up of
positive integers a, b and c:
These 9 numbers will be distinct positive integers forming a magic
square so long as 0 < a < b < c - a and b 2a. Moreover, every 3 x 3
square of distinct positive integers is of this form .
c-b

c+a+b

c-a

c-a+b

c+a-b

c+a

c-a-b

c+b

making a magic square

Making a 4x4 matrix

Draw a 4x4 square and go through the boxes one row at a time, left
to right, top to bottom, counting from 1 to 16, but writing down the
number of the box only when it falls on the diagonal.
Then countdownfrom 16 to 1, and using only the numbers not yet
in the square, fill in the boxes that are left (see numbers in red in (2),
below).
.

1)

2)

making a magic square

Extension:
Notice that the four entries in the upper left-hand corner
of(2)(1,15,12,6) add up to 34, which is the same as the sum for
each row, column and main diagonal,andthat the four in the upper
right-hand corner (14,4,7,9), the four in the lower left (8,10,13,3),
and the four in the lower right (11,5,2,16) also add up to 34.
If we treat this square the same way
to make a new 4x4 square, we arrive
at another magic square variant of
the original. Example4is also
obtained from Example2in the
following way: interchange the middle
two columns of2, then interchange
the middle two rows, then flip over
the main diagonal