FACTS

At

least 194 m people worldwide

suffer from diabetes; this figure
is likely to be more than double
by 2030
Around 4 m deaths every year
are related to complications of
diabetes

FACTS
WHO figures
1985

1995

2000

2003

2030

30 m

135 m

177 m

194m

370 m

COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST

NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH
DIABETES
1995

2000

2003

Country

DM % million DM % million

INDIA

3.8

CHINA

2.0

16.0

2.4

20.7

23.8

USA

7.8

13.8

7.8

17.5

16

4.5

6.5

8.5

INDONESIA 4.1

19.4

5.5

31.5

million
35.5

COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST

PREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATION

2003

Country

DM %

UAE

20.1

Qatar

16

Bahrain

14.9

Kuwait

12.8

Oman
Oman DM 11.6% Impaired G T 6.1%
New cases per year 3548 = 0.18%
Highest Incidence North Batna 25% of total
PDO
Lipid

2% (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High

What is Diabetes mellitus?

DM

or Sugar problem is a chronic

disease characterised by very high blood
sugar. Caused by inherited and/or
acquired deficiency in production of
insulin by the pancreas, or by the
ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.
Type I lack of production of Insulin;
children and adolescents
Type II inability to respond properly to
the action of Insulin; adults, 90%

The Pancreas: Anatomy and

Functions
The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions

CAUSAL FACTORS
Genetic/

Family

history
Race
Stress
Overeating&obesity
Physical Inactivity
Gestational
Diabetes

Drugs
Infection
Other

illnesses
Surgery
Autoimmune

Symptoms of Diabetes
SOME or NONE of the following
Frequent Urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Extreme hunger
Sudden visual changes
Tingling or numbness in hands or
feet
Feeling very tired most of the time
Wounds that are slow to heal

DIAGNOSIS
Urine

strip test
Blood sugar test
Glycosylated Haemoglobin:
HbA1C

What is the Treatment?

Type I
Strict carefully
calculated diet
Planned physical
activity
Insulin injections
Home blood
glucose testing

Type II
Diet control
Exercise
Oral medication
and or insulin
Home blood
glucose testing

Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia

is low blood sugar.

What causes hypoglycemia?
Taking too much insulin,
Missing or delaying a meal,
Exercising too much,
Taking other medications.
signs and symptoms
dizziness, confusion,
sweating, shaky
tremors,
headache or even fainting.

Management of Low Blood Sugar

(Hypoglycaemia)
Tell

your family, friends, colleagues at

work about signs/symptoms and how
to treat low blood sugar.
Carry medical card or tag
Eat or drink something that has sugar
in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc.
If unconscious dont give anything by
mouth-transfer to nearest clinic

Complications
High

blood pressure.
Heart disease; 50%
Strokes.
Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50%
Blindness; 2%
Kidney failure
Impotence
Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers
X40
Consume 10% of Nations Health Budget

How do we prevent?
Healthy

and Balanced diet

Regular physical
activities/exercise
Maintain Normal body weight
Early detection

Prognosis is good.