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EXPANSION
2 X 210 MW
Units
GENERATOR
EXCITATION
SYSTEM
Generation of Electrical
Energy
Gen. Breaker
GRI
D
TURBINE
GENERATO
R
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Types of construction of
Synchronous Generator
There are two ways in which the
synchronous generator can be constructed.
1. Keeping the field system stationary and
allowing the system of conductors to rotate
2. Keeping the system of conductors
stationary and allowing the field system to
rotate
Armature structure
or Stator
c
Field winding
c
Field structure
or Rotor
When the rotor rotates, the stator conductors are cut by the magnetic flux,
hence they have induced EMF produced in them. Because the magnetic poles
are alternatively N and S, they induce an EMF and hence current in armature
conductors which first flow in one direction and then into other. Hence an
alternating EMF is produced in the stator conductors whose frequency depends
on the number of N & S pole.
Excitation System
It is a system which supplies
the field current to the rotor
winding of a synchronous
machine.
Stator
Excitati
on
system
Roto
r
PMG
Main
Alternator
DC
Rectifie
r
A
C
D
C
Excitation
system
A
C
Brushless Excitation
Grid
Gen. Br.
Main
Alternator
Standb
y
Alternat
or
DC
AC
PMG
Rectifie
r
D
C
Excitation
system
A
C
Gen. Br.
DC
Excitati
on
system
AC
Alternator
Grid
Gen Bkr.
Control
Ex. Tr.
AC
Supply
Power
Gen
Rotor
synchronous machine.
2) Control Section : The control section guarantees the
remarkable electric quantities control and protection.
3 Phase
AC
Supply
Fuse
R+
S+
T+
Field
Breaker
S
T
Isolating
Switch
R-
S-
T-
DC
Output
De-Energyzation system
Field Breaker
Power
Converter
Rotor
Discharge
Resistor
~
Gen
Control section
The Control system keeps the Generator
output voltage constant by controlling the field
energy supplied to the rotor.
IExe VExe
Increase
Decrease
Gen. Voltage
Feedback
Reference
Value
Generator
Actual
Value
Generator
Comparator
+
-
Error
Signal
PID
Controller
Limiters
Control
Voltage
Firing Pulse
Generator
Control
Converter.
Double Control Channel
and single Power
Converter.
Control - 1
Control - 2
Control - 1
Control - 2
Excitation Transformer
It is a cast resin dry type transformer.
It is directly connected to the generator
terminals and feeding power to the field of
the machine via thyristor converter.
It is natural air cooled transformer.
It is having Short circuit proof and high
overload capacity.
The transformer is moisture proof.
Excitation Transformer
Because of moisture proof, the transformer
can be directly switched on without
predrying the same after long interruption
from service.
The transformer is maintenance free.
The transformer has been provided with
instantaneous overcurrent protection and
delayed overcurrent protection.
The transformer has been provided with
over temperature protection.
EXCITATION SYSTEM
Bus
AVR-1
GB
AC
Ex. Tr.
AVR
Pulse
Generator
Thy.
Bridge-1
Field
Breaker
DC
Gen
Manual
~
Field
Flashing
Rotor
AVR-2
AVR
Pulse
Generator
Manual
Thy.
Bridge-2
Rectifier
AC
Advantages of AVR
1. The response time for any
variation is less.
2. Steady state error is small.
3. The settling time is less.
4. The system remains stable for a
wide range of operating points.
5. Limiters can be incorporated.
Types of AVR
1. Analog type AVR
2. Digital type AVR
LIMITERS
The Limiters incorporated in the Excitation
system are
1. Maximum Excitation current Limiter.
2. Minimum Excitation current Limiter.
3. Rotor Angle Limiter.
4. Maximum stator current Limiter.
Protections in
System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Excitation
Control
Panel
Display
Fan - 1
Fan - 2
Power
Converter - 1
Power
Converter - 2
Field
Breaker
Generator Details:
Power
: 283 MVA.
Synchronization
The process of connecting an Alternator to
the Grid or common supply bus-bars is called as
Synchronizing. The following three conditions
are to be satisfied for synchronizing.
1. The terminal voltage magnitude of the incoming
Alternator must be equal to the bus-bar voltage
magnitude.
2. The phase sequence of the incoming Alternator
voltage must be equal to the bus-bar voltage
phase sequence.
3. The frequency of the incoming Alternator
voltage must be same as the frequency of bus-bar
voltage.
Synchronization
The first condition can be satisfied by adjusting
the field current supplied by the excitation system.
This can be checked in the Double voltmeter.
The second condition gets satisfied if the
connections of the terminals of the alternator are
correct. This can be checked by Phase sequence
meter.
The third condition can be satisfied by adjusting
the speed of the prime mover. This can be checked
in the synchroscope.
T
H
A
N
K
Y
O
U