GSM Radio Interface

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Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Overview
2. Processing of Voice Signal
3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Radio Interface
Another MSC
PSTN
ISDN

BT
S
BSC
MS

A-bis

MSC/VLR

HLR/AUC

MS

U
m

OMC

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Page4

SMC

Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Network application layer (L3)

Communication
management (CM)
Mobility and security
management (MM)
Radio resources
management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

RACH

Integrated
management

BCCH

Physical link layer (L1)

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH SACCH

TCH

FACCH

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL

Multiframe

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Page5

Radio Access Technology

TDMA

FDMA

Power

U
Us ser
Us User er
Us e r
UU
e
Us sesrer r
er

Time TDMA

Power

Time
FDMA

Tim
e

e
qu
e
r
F

Frequency

OFDMA
CDMA
Time
CDMA
Power

Code
Frequency

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Page6

y
nc

Frequency

Contents
1. Overview
2. Processing of Voice Signal
3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page8

Voice Signal Processing

8KHz,13b
it

13kbit
/s
20 ms

Voice
(A/D)

Segmentation Speech coding

Channel coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit
/s

Interleaving

Encryption)

Burst formatting

Modulation

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Page9

Transmission

Analog-Digital Conversion

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Page10

Speech Coding

The Enhance Full Rate coding mode is called CELP (Code Excited Linear Pre
dictive Coding)
The Full Rate coding mode is called RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited-Long Te
rm Prediction).
The Half Rate coding mode is called VSELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear Predi
ction)

8KHz,13b
it

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

260 bits(FR) 13kbit/s
112 bits(HR) 5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D)

Segmentation Speech coding

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page11

Channel Coding
Block
Coder

1:2
Convolutional
Coder

8KHz,13b
it

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

260 bits(FR) 13kbit/s 456bits(FR/EFR) 22.8kbit/s
11.4kbit/s
112 bits(HR) 5.6kbit/s 228bits(HR)

Voice
(A/D)

Segmentation Speech coding

Channel coding

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page12

Interleaving

1
12
23
34
45
56
67
78
8 ...
...

First interleaving:
B0

...
... 452
452 453
453 454
454 455
455 456
456

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

....

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}
{A4,B0}

{A5,B1}
{A5,B1}

{A6,B2}
{A6,B2}

{A7,B3}
{A7,B3}

{B4,C0}
{B4,C0}

{B5,C1}
{B5,C1}

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

{B6,C2}
{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}
{B7,C3}

Voice Burst
Tail
bit

Dat
a

3
57 encrypted bits 1
bits

8KHz,13bit

Voice

(A/D)

Training
sequence

26 bits

Dat
a

Tail
bit

Guard
period

1 57 encrypted bitsbits8.25 bits

13kbit/
s

20 ms
SegmentationSpeech coding

Channel coding

22.8kbit/s
33.8kbit/
s
Interleaving Encryption)

Burst formatting

Transmission
Modulation

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Voice Signal Processing

Mobile equipment
GSM Network
Speaker
Transmitter
Receiver
Modulator
Demodulator
33.8 kbit/s
Adaptive
Burst formatting
Equalization
Ciphering
Interleaving
De-ciphering
22.8 kbit/s De-interleaving
Channel coding
13 kbit/s
Speech coding Channel decoding
Segmentation Speech decoding
8 kHz
13 bits
D/A-conversion
A/D-conversion
Receiving part
Microphone
Transmitting part

Receiver
Demodulator

Transmitter
Modulator

Adaptive
Equalization

Burst formatting
Ciphering
Interleaving

De-ciphering
De-interleaving

Channel coding
Channel Decoding 13 kbit/s
D/D-conversion
Receiving part
8 kHz
8 bits
64 kbit/s PCM
Transmitting part

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page16

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page17

Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page19

Time

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames
The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life

and reduce
interference

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Power Control

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account

BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator

Signal level

BCCH Carrier is not

involved in power
control

Target level value:

e.g. -85 dm

Time

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Contents
1. Overview
2. Processing of Voice Signal
3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

BP

Time
Slot

15/26ms
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Page24

Physical Channel and Logical Channel

TDMA FRAME

200K
577 s

Physical Channel
Logical channel
Logical channel
Logical channel
Logical channel
Logical channel

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page25

different
message
types

Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit

Data
Tail bit
36
41
8bitsynchronous encrypted 3bi
t
bits
bits

Guard interval

68.25bi
t

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency

synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail
bit
3bi

Dat
a

Tail Guard
bit
8.25b
3bi interval

142bi
t

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing

synchronization between MS and BTSData
Tail
bit

3bi
t

Dat
a39
encrypted
bits

64 synchronous
bits

39
encrypted
bits

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

it

Tail bit Guard

interval

3bit8.25b
it

Burst

Normal burst (NB)

Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel
except for RACH

Tail
bit
3bit

Data

Training sequence

57 encrypted bits

1 26bi 1
t

Dat
a
57 encrypted
bits

Tail Guard
bit
3bitinterval
8.25b

it

Frame stealing
flag

Dummy burst (DB)

Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no

information delivered

Tail
bit

3bit

142 modulation
bits

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page27

Tail
bit

Guard
interval

3bit 8.25bi
t

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel

Dedicated channel
(DCH)

Common channel
(CCH)

Broadcast control channel Common control channel

(CCCH)
(BCH)

FCCH SCH
BCCH
PCH
(system information)

AGCH

RACH

Control channel

SDCCH

FACCH

SACCH

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

Voice channel
(TCH)

TCH/F

TCH/H

Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel

Dedicated
Channel

BCCH

FCCH
SCH
BCCH

CCCH

PCH

DCCH
TCH

AGCH

SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H

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Page29

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

SDCCH

CCCH

SACCH
FACCH

DCCH

TCH/F

TCH

TCH/H

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

Common
channel

Dedicated
channel

Use of Logical Channels

Search for frequency

Power-on

correction
burst
Search for synchronous
burst
Listen to the system
Idle mode

Dedicated mode

information
Monitor paging message

FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH

Send access burst

RACH

Allocate signaling channel

AGCH

Set up the call

Allocate voice channel
Conversation
Release the call

Idle mode

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page33

SDCCH
SDCCH
TCH
FACCH

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4
(combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page34

Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,
4

Group

Group1

Group2

(same

Grpup5

as
Group2)

Channel
Frame

BX4

CX4

Numbe

2-5

6-9

10

CX4

CX4

12-

16-

15

19

20-39

CX4

CX4

42-

46-

45

49

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

r
Channe

RR

10

11

12

13-46

47

Frame
Numbe
r

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page35

I
50

Structure of Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group

Group1

Channel

Channel

Frame

Number

Group2

Group3

2-

6-

12

16

15

19

10

11

20

21

Group4

Grpup5

22

26

32

36

25

29

35

39

30

31

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms

A0

A1

A2

A3

42

46

45

49

40

41

50

Uplink

Channel

D34

A24

A34

RR

D04

D14

D24

Channel

D04

A04

A14

RR

D04

D14

D24

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

Frame
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page36

Structure of Logical Channel Combinati

on Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Channel

Channel
Frame
Number

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

A1

A2

A3

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

A5

A6

A7

0-3

4-7

8-

12-

16-

20-

24-

28-

32-

36-

40-

11

15

19

23

27

31

35

39

43

44-

47

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel
Channel
Frame
Number

A5

A6

A7

A1

A2

A3

0-3

4-7

811

12

13

14

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

23-

27-

31-

35-

39-

43-

47-

26

30

34

38

42

46

50

1518

19
22

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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Page37

Structure of Logical Channel Combinat

ion Frame-TCH
Case of one full rate TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel
Frame
Number

TT
6
11

12

T,,,T
13
18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Case of two half rate TCHs

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel
Frame
Number

Tt
6
11

12

T,,,t
13
18

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
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Page38

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
0

TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH

2045

2044

2046

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1

0
0

47

49

24

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0

48

24

BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH

25

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

25

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

2
3
4
5
6

49

26 training
TB
58 information bits
sequences
3
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB
Constant bit 142
3
TB Information bit 39
Extended training sequence 64
Synchronous burst (SB)
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41
TB
Information bit 36 3
Access burst (AB)
3

50

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
Normal burst (NB)

50

2047

58 information bits

Information bit 39
GP 68.25

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Page39

TB
3
TB
3

GP
8.25
GP
8.25

TB GP
3 8.25

TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period

Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

PCH

AGCH

Uplink CCCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the

cell?
How to allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page40

Summary

In this course, we have learned:

Processing of Voice Signal

Radio Channel in Um Interface
Key Technical in Um Interface

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page41

Thank you
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