DEVELOPMENT OF

IRRATIONAL
NUMBERS

Done by
Coral Group

Coral Group of IX A1
1. M. Hari Krishna
2. S. Hari Krishna
3. M.N. Madhavan
4. B. Shivani
5. S.P. Bavija
6. Srivardhini
7. Moshika

Two Kinds of Real Numbers

Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers

Types of Integers
Natural Numbers(N):
Natural Numbers are counting numbers
from 1,2,3,4,5,................
N = {1,2,3,4,5,................}
Whole Numbers (W):
Whole numbers are natural numbers
including zero. They are
0,1,2,3,4,5,...............
W = {0,1,2,3,4,5,..............}
W = 0 + N

Number Systems
Real

Rational (fraction)
Integer

Irrational

Whol
e
Natural

Natural counting numbers beginning with 1, 2, 3,

Whole counting numbers beginning with 0, 1, 2, 3,
Integer All the whole numbers and their opposites
{, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }
Rational all numbers that can be written as a ratio (fraction)
Irrational a decimal that never ends and never repeats
Real all numbers that can be put on a number line

Irrational Numbers
An irrational number is a number that
cannot be written as a fraction of two
integers.
Irrational numbers written as decimals
are non-terminating and non-repeating.

Irrational numbers can be written only as

decimals that do not terminate or repeat. They
cannot be written as the quotient of two
integers. If a whole number is not a perfect
square, then its square root is an irrational
number.
Caution!
A repeating decimal may not appear to
repeat on a calculator, because
calculators show a finite number of
digits.

Examples of Irrational Numbers

Pi

Try this!

a)

b)

12

c)
d)
e)

25
5

11

66

a) Irrational
b) Irrational
c) Rational
d) Rational
e) Irrational

Additional Example 1: Classifying Real

Numbers

Write all classifications that apply to each

number.

A.

5 is a whole number that is

not a perfect square.
irrational, real
5

B. 12.75 12.75 is a terminating decimal.

rational, real
C.

16
16
4
=
=2
2
2
2
whole, integer, rational, real

A fraction with a denominator of 0 is

undefined because you cannot divide
by zero. So it is not a number at all.

Additional Example 2: Determining the

Classification of All Numbers

State if each number is rational,

irrational, or not a real number.
A.

21
irrational

B.

0
3

0
=0
3

rational

Additional Example 2: Determining the

Classification of All Numbers

State if each number is rational,

irrational, or not a real number.
C.

4
0
not a real number

Exit Ticket
Draw the Real Number System.

Explain the difference between a natural number

and whole number.

Objective
TSW compare rational and irrational numbers
TSW order rational and irrational numbers on a
number line

Comparing Rational and Irrational

Numbers
When comparing different forms of
rational and irrational numbers,
convert the numbers to the same
form.
Compare -3 37 and -3.571
(convert -3 37to -3.428571

-3.428571 > -3.571

Practice

Ordering Rational and Irrational

Numbers
To order rational and irrational numbers, convert
all of the numbers to the same form.
You can also find the approximate locations of
rational and irrational numbers on a number line.

Example
Order these numbers from least to
greatest.
/, 75%, .04, 10%, /
/ becomes 0.25
75% becomes 0.75
0.04 stays 0.04
10% becomes 0.10

/ becomes 1.2857142
Answer:

0.04, 10%, /, 75%,

Practice
Order these from least to greatest:

Objectives
TSW identify the rules associated computing with
integers.
TSW compute with integers

Examples: Use the number line

if necessary.
5

1) (-4) + 8 =
4
2) (-1) + (-3) =
-4
3) 5 + (-7) =
-2

Addition Rule
1) When the signs are the same,
ADD and keep the sign.

(-2) + (-4) = -6
2) When the signs are different,
SUBTRACT and use the sign of the
larger number.
(-2) + 4 = 2
2 + (-4) = -2

Karaoke Time!
Addition Rule: Sung to the tune
of Row, row, row, your boat
Same signs add and keep,
different signs subtract,
keep the sign of the higher
number,
then it will be exact!
Can your class do different
rounds?

-1 + 3 = ?
1.
2.
3.
4.

-4
-2
2
4

Answer Now

-6 + (-3) = ?
1.
2.
3.
4.

-9
-3
3
9

Answer Now

The additive inverses (or

opposites) of two numbers add
to equal zero.
Example: The additive inverse of 3 is
-3
Proof: 3 + (-3) = 0
We will use the additive
inverses for subtraction
problems.

Whats the difference

between
7 - 3 and 7 + (-3) ?
7 - 3 = 4 and 7 + (-3) = 4
The only difference is that 7 - 3 is a
subtraction problem and 7 + (-3) is an
addition problem.
SUBTRACTING IS THE SAME AS
ADDING THE OPPOSITE.
(Keep-change-change)

When subtracting, change the

subtraction to adding the opposite (keepchange-change) and then follow your
addition rule.
Example #1:

- 4 - (-7)
- 4 + (+7)
Diff. Signs --> Subtract and use larger sign.
3
Example #2:
-3-7
- 3 + (-7)
Same Signs --> Add and keep the sign.
-10

Which is equivalent to
-12 (-3)?
1.
2.
3.
4.

12 + 3
-12 + 3
-12 - 3
12 - 3

Answer Now

7 (-2) = ?
1.
2.
3.
4.

-9
-5
5
9

Answer Now

Review
1) If the problem is addition, follow
your addition rule.
2) If the problem is subtraction,
change subtraction to adding the
opposite
(keep-change-change) and then
follow
the addition rule.

State the rule for multiplying and dividing

integers.

If the
signs
are the
same,
the
answer
will be
positive.

If the
signs
are
different
the
,
answer
will be
negative.

1. -8 * 3
-24
2. -2 * -61
122

Tw Ju
o st t
at a
a ke
t im
e

3. (-3)(6)(1)
(-18)(1)
-18

Different
Signs
Negative
Answer

Whats
The
Rule?

4. 6 (-3)
-2
Start inside ( ) first

5. - (20/-5)
- (-4)
4
6.

Same
Signs
Positive
Answer

408
6
68

7. At midnight the temperature is 8C.

If the temperature rises 4C per hour,
what is the temperature at 6 am?

How long
Is it from
Midnight
to 6 am?

6
hours

+4
degrees

How much
does the
temperature
rise each
hour?

(6 hours)(4 degrees per hour)

= 24 degrees

Add this to
the original temp.

8 + 24 = 32C

8. A deep-sea diver must move up or down in

the water in short steps in order to avoid
getting a physical condition called the bends.
Suppose a diver moves up to the surface in
five steps of 11 feet. Represent her total
movements as a product of integers, and find
the product.

W
h
do at
Th es
me is
an
?

Multiply

(5 steps) (11 feet)

(55 feet)
5 * 11 = 55

Exit Ticket
What is operation is called the additive inverse?
What are the rules for subtracting numbers?