Air-Conditioning System

Classification of Air-Conditioning Systems

According to the purpose

Comfort air conditioning systems

Industrial air conditioning systems

According to season of the year

Winter air conditioning systems

Summer air conditioning systems

Year air conditioning systems

According to the arrangement of equipment

Unitary/Package Unit air conditioning systems

Central air conditioning systems

Comfort air conditioning

system(DBT=21, RH=50%)

Industrial air conditioning

system(Constant DBT, RH)

Summer air conditioning system

(Cooling with Dehumidification)

Winter air conditioning system

(Heating with humidification)

Year around air conditioning system

Effective and Grand room sensible heat

factor

Window type Package Unit(Unitary Systems)

A package unit is a self-contained unit because the complete unit

including evaporator and condensing unit is all incorporated in a
common enclosure.

Normal capacity is 1 and 1.15 tonnes

Capable of cooling, heating, cleaning and circulating the air.

Console type Package Unit(Unitary Systems)

Units are packaged in decorative cabinets and are mounted on the

floor directly.

Water cooled condensers are employed

Capacity is 3 to 20 tonnes

Short length of Duct work is attached for proper conditioned air.

Central Unit

Air handling unit is generally separated

from the condensing unit.

Available in horizontal and vertical

depending upon the position of filter

Infiltration :General Definition

Infiltration is the unintentional or accidental introduction of outside

air into a building, typically through cracks in the building envelope
and through use of doors for passage.

Infiltration is sometimes called air leakage. The leakage of room

air out of a building, intentionally or not, is called ex-filtration.

Infiltration is caused by wind, negative pressurization of the

building.

Requirements of Human comfort/ Factors affecting

Human Comfort

Effective temperature

Heat production and regulation in human body

Heat and moisture losses from the human body

Moisture content of air

Quality and quantity of air

Air motion

Hot and cold surfaces

Air stratification

Effective temperature

Comfort Chart

Modified Comfort Chart

Heat production and regulation in human

body

Heat and moisture losses from the human body

Moisture content of air

Quality and quantity of air

Air motion

Hot and Cold surfaces

Air stratification

Factors effecting optimum effective temperature

Climate and seasonal differences

Clothing

Age and sex

Duration of stay

Kind of activity

Density of occupants

Equipments

Compressors

Blowers and Fans

Filters

Compressors, Blowers and Fans

Compressor:
Compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a fluid, either gas or
liquid by reducing its volume. The inlet diameter of the pipe will be more than the outlet
diameter. This reduces the volume flow rate and thus the pressure of the fluid increases.
Thermodynamically, low pressure high volume in the Inlet becomes high pressure low
volume at the outlet. Compressor are mainly used for fluid flow at high pressures i.e, the
inlet pressure will be low while inlet volume will be high and outlet pressure will be high
while outlet volume will be low. There are many types of compressor based on the
different principles of working such as
1. Rotary Compressor
2. Reciprocatory Compressor
3. Centrifugal Compressor
4. Axial Compressor
Compressors are extensively used in refrigerator, air conditioner, pipeline transport of
natural gas, petrol refineries, pneumatic compressors are used in industries.

Blower:
Blower is also known as "Centrifugal Fan". This fan increases the velocity of air or
gas when it is passed into the impellers. The inlet pressure will be low and the
outlet pressure will be high. At constant volume flow rate, the low pressure air
becomes high pressure at the outlet. This is mainly due to the rotating blades in
the impeller. The kinetic energy of the blades increases the pressure of the air at
the outlet. Blowers are mainly used for industry purposes and in climatic control
after fan due to its high pressure than fan.

Fan:
Fan is a machine used to create a fluid flow. The flow of fluid is increased with the
fan. It produces high volume and low pressure than the ambient conditions. It is
mainly used as cooling device in computer CPUs and other electronic gadgets
apart from climatic condition control.
Main difference between Fan and Blower is blower can achieve more pressure
ratio than fan. Blowers can produce more high pressured air than fan.
Difference between Compressor and Blower - Compressor produces high pressure
at low volumes where as blower produces low pressure at high volumes

Fans

Types of FAN

Centrifugal or radial flow Fan

When the air enters the impeller axially and is discharged radially from the
impeller, it is called a centrifugal or radial flow fan.

Forward curved

Backward Inclined

Backward curved

Axial Flow fan

When the air flows parallel to the axis of impeller, it is called an axial flow fan.

Propeller

Tube axial

Vane Axial

Centrifugal fan

Axial Flow Fans

Propeller Fan:

Tube-Axial Fan

Vane Axial Fan

Filters
Function of filter is to arrest the solid impurities such as soot, ash,
lint, smoke and fumes and even living organisms such as virus,
bacteria and fungus spores.
Placed ahead of heating or cooling coils.
Classification is:
Dry air filter
Viscous impingement filters
Electrostatic filters

Dry air filters

Filtering medium consists of fabrics made out of wool felt, cotton

batting, cellulose fibre etc.

Wire frames or V-shaped plates used in order to increase the area of

medium exposed to air.

High dust arrestance including lint.

Throw away filters have frame of card board of fibre; these must be
replaced by a new one, after collection of full dust load.

Viscous Filter

Filtering medium consists of coarse fibres (such as glass, steel wool, wire
screen, animal hair, hemp fibres, metal stamping or shaving) packed
between two panels of expanded metal screen enclosed in a frame.

Three types of filters are:

Throw away or replaceable type (contains fibrous materials such as glass wool
and discarded after a period of use)

Manually cleaned type (metal frame and must be cleaned periodically)

Automatic or sell cleaning filter (consists of a continuous roll of material

coated with oil and motor driven

Electrostatic filter

Use of electrostatics principle.

Dirty steam has to be passed through a series of charging plates.

Collector is given an opposite charge.

Dirt particles adhere to the collector plates and cleaned.