Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BY
Er.A.GNANASEHARAN,
AEE/C&I-II/KGTPS.
Source of Power
Input Energy
Hydro Power
Hydro
Power
(~22%)
(~22%)
Thermal Power
(~65%)
Water
Coal,oil,Gas
Renewable
energy
Renewable
sources
(
~10%)
energy sources
(~3%)
( ~10%)
Radioactive elements
Radioactive
elements
(Uranium,
Thorium
etc.)
(Uranium, Thorium)
Solar
panels,
Wind
Solar
panels,
mills
etc.
Wind mills etc.
Central Transmission
Utilities and State
Transmission utilities
Transmission
Utilities
Distribution
Agencies
Users
Nuclear
power
Nuclear
(~3%)
power
Distribution Channels
Industries
Industries
(38%)
(38%)
Domestic
Domestic
(22%)
(22%)
Agriculture
Agriculture
(22%)
(22%)
Commercial
Commercial
(8%)
(8%)
Others
Others (
(10%)
10%)
Therma
l
176,118
.6 MW
Hydro
40,798.
8 MW
Nuclea
r
4,780
MW
Renewa
ble
32,307.7
1
MW
Total
254,005.
1 MW
Wind
21,692.9
8 MW
Small
Hydro
3,826.18
MW
Solar
2,743
MW
Biomass
4,045.55
MW
Total
32,307.71
MW
Potential (MW)
Cumulative
achievement
Wind
21,692.98
19,700
3,826.18
22,500
4,045.55
Solar
50MWp/km2
2,743MW 4
GRID
A system of synchronized power
providers and consumers
connected by transmission and
distribution lines and operated by
one or more control centers.
Grid Facts
Centrally planned and controlled
infrastructure.
Aged About 120 years
Largely before the age of
microprocessors.
Grid Facts
Peak demand exceeded transmission
growth by almost 20% every year.
Spending on R & D, toward innovation
and renewal is among the lowest of all
industries.
EFFICIENCY
If the grid were just 5% more
efficient, the energy savings would
equate to permanently eliminating
the fuel and green house gas
emissions from millions of cars.
RELIABILITY
Many massive blackouts over the past 40
years.
Due to the slow response times of
mechanical switches, a lack of automated
analytics.
QUALITY
Could not conveniently
accommodate non-conventional
energy resources without a price to
power Quality.
.
AFFORDABILITY
Cost of electricity has doubled of
more in real terms.
SECURITY
Centralized structure leaves us open
to attack.
A cascading series of failures that
could bring our nations banking,
communication, traffic, and security
systems etc., to complete standstill.
ENVIRONMENT/CLIMATE CHANGE
We still produce electricity by burning
coal, a rich domestic resource but a
major contributor to global warming.
To reduce our carbon footprint and
stake claim to global leadership, clean,
renewable sources of energy must be
integrated in to our grid.
SMART GRID
It is an electric grid that uses information and
communication technology to gather data and
act on information about the behaviour of
suppliers and consumers in an automated
fashion. Hence Smart Grid is a generic label for
the application of computer, intelligence and
networking abilities to the existing dumb
electricity distribution systems.
COMPARISON
SMART GRID
COMPONENTS
SMART METER
PHASOR
MEASUREMENT
INFORMATION
TRANSFER
DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION
Smart Meters
Conventional EM
Meter
Smart Meter
SMART METERS
RECOGNIZES AND DETAILS ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION
RELAYS INFORMATION TO CENTRAL MONITORING STATIONS
WILL REPLACE TRADITIONAL METERS
POWER OUTAGE NOTIFICATION AND POWER QUALITY
MONITORING
TIME OF DAY CHARGES.
GPS
GPS
Synchronized
Synchronized phasor
phasor measurements
measurements
GPS Time Receiver
Time, sync
50 Hz
component
DFT
Symmetrical
Component
DFT
Voltage,
Current
Power
System
Transformation
Frequency
& Rate-ofChange of
Frequency
Algorithm
Positive
Sequence
Phasors
DFT
Time synchronized sampling
of three phase waveform.
12 samples/cycle (720/sec).
Discrete Fourier Transform uses
12 samples for each phasor
conversion.
Frequency,
dFreq/dt
Real Time
Data Output
Disturbance and
transient detectors,
data table storage
Trigger
flags
Phasor
Phasor measurement
measurement system
system
PMU Placement
All 400kV and above substation in
State and Central grids & IPPs
Generating stations at 220 kV level
and above
HVDC terminals and important InterRegional and Inter-National tie lines
Both ends of all 400kV and above
Transmission lines of State, ISTS grids and
IPPs
Solar PV
Wind Generation
Biomass plant
Energy Storage Devices (Battery)
Demonstration
of
indigenous
capability
in
Advanced Components
Innovations in superconductivity,
Storage, power electronics, and
diagnostics components are changing
fundamental abilities and
characteristics of grids.
Technologies include: HVDC, first and
second generation superconducting
wires etc.,
Advanced Control
Distributed Intelligent Agents (control
systems)
Analytical Tools (software algorithms
and high-speed computers)
Operational Applications (SCADA,
substation automation, demand
response, etc).
Improved Interfaces
Visualization techniques that reduce large
quantities of data into easily understood visual
formats.
Software systems that provide multiple options
when systems operator actions are required.
Simulators for operational training and what-if
analysis, determine the optimal control solution.
MICROGRID LAYOUT
MGC
C
GRID
LV
Solar PV
Gen
A
C
WIND Gen
FEEDER 1
BIOMASS
PLANT
BATTERY
UNITS
AMI
AMI
LOAD
LOAD
FEEDER 2
Charge Controller
AMI
LOAD
AMI
LOAD
Energy Efficiency
per annum
Energy Efficiency per House hold
Summar
Reduction
Peakin
Demand
Infrastructure
1217
Reduction ( watt)
Reduction
Investment
by in 1
Monthly
Consumption
(kWh)
Winter
2485
Lakh Cr by Utility.
266
199
4.00 / Unit
1,063
796
11,688
2.60
ANY QUERIES ??