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Eloctronics in Industry
Eloctronics in Industry
Wire
Used as a
conductor;
usually copper,
Sometimes
aluminum.
Resistors
Slows down or resists the flow of
electrons.
Fixed Resistors
Can only handle a
certain amount of
current.
Typically made from
a resistance wire,
which is wound
around a ceramic
core and covered
with some insulating
material.
Carbon Film
Metal Oxide
Metal Film
Wirewound Resistor
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
Carbon Resistor
Carbon
Composition
Resistor Made of
carbon dust or
graphite paste, low
wattage values.
They are used in circuits where cost is a criterion
rather than the performance.
Film Resistor
Film or Cermet
Resistor Made from
conductive metal oxide
paste, very low
Carbon film resistors are
wattage values.
used in applications where
Either thick-film
the operating voltage and
resistors or thin-film temperature is high like laser
resistors
and radar.
Metal Film Resistors are prefixed with a MFR
notation (eg, MFR100k) and a CF for Carbon
Film types.
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Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
Wirewound Resistor
Wire-wound
Resistor Metallic
bodies for heatsink
mounting, very high
wattage ratings
Wire wound resistors are used in circuit breakers,
transducers, temperature sensors and current
sensors etc.
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
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SMD Resistors
Surface Mount Devices
(SMD): Because of small size
they are suitable for circuit
boards. They have very little
inductance and capacitance
and can perform well at radio
frequencies.
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12
13
Variable resistors
Also known as
rheostats, or
potentiometers
Allow you to regulate
the amount of current
flowing through the
circuit
Resistors are nonpolarized, which means
there are no positive or
negative ends
Trimpot
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Variable resistors
Horizontal Preset
Potentiometer
5K6 LIN 5.6 kilo ohm with a
linear track.
2M LOG 2 Mega ohm with a
logarithmic track.
Trimpot
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
Rheostat
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Network Resistors
Network resistors are single package
resistors with two or more resistors. They
generally come in Single in-line package
or Dual in-line package.
Resistor networks are used to reduce
the board space, improve reliability,
reduce solder connections and
improve tolerance matching.
Generally resistor networks are used
in resistor ladders, bus terminators
and small computer system interface
terminators.
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Varistor
Varistor is portmanteau of variable resistor. It is
an electronic component with non-linear
current voltage characteristics like diode. The
resistance in varistor is changed according to
the change in voltage across it. This makes it a
voltage sensitive device hence it is also called
Voltage Dependent Resistor. Generally
varistors are made from semiconductor
materials.
The resistance of varistor is very high under normal operating conditions.
But the resistance decreases dramatically when the voltage increases
beyond the rated value of varistor.
Metal oxide Varistors are most common type of varistors. Grains of Zinc
oxide are used because it provides P-N diode characteristics. Hence it is
used to protect electronic and electrical circuits from over voltage surges.
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
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Capacitors
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Capacitors
Film Capacitor
Tantalum
Ceramic
Al Electrolytic
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Elements Group 14
Elements Group 15
(5)
(6)
Boron ( B )
(13)
Carbon ( C )
(14)
Aluminium ( Al )
(31)
(15)
Silicon ( Si )
(32)
Gallium ( Ga )
Phosphorus ( P )
(33)
Germanium ( Ge )
Arsenic ( As )
(51)
Antimony ( Sb )
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24
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The PN junction
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27
28
Forward Bias
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Reverse Bias
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Diodes
A solid state device
designed to permit the flow
of electrons in one
direction and block the flow
in the opposite direction
Made from germanium or
silicon
A zener diode is used to
regulate voltage
A light emitting diode
(LED) is a solid state
component that emits a
tiny bit of light when
current passes through it
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
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32
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Diodes
The power semiconductor diode, known simply as the Power Diode,
has a much larger PN junction area compared to its smaller signal
diode cousin, resulting in a high forward current capability of up to
several hundred amps (KA) and a reverse blocking voltage of up to
several thousand volts (KV).
Since the power diode has a large PN junction, it is not suitable for
high frequency applications above 1MHz, but special and expensive
high frequency, high current diodes are available. For high frequency
rectifier applications Schottky Diodes are generally used because of
their short reverse recovery time and low voltage drop in their forward
bias condition.
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35
36
37
38
LM78xx, LM79xx
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
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40
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42
43
44
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Signal Diodes
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LED Circuits
48
LED
Selected
LED 1
LED 2
Colour
Terminal A
+
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
AC
ON
ON
Output
Red
Colour
LED 1
0
Current
5mA
9.5mA 15mA
LED 2
10mA
Current
6.5mA
3.5mA 0
A Bicolour LED
A Multi or Tricoloured LED
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Transistors
Solid-state device used for
switching and/or amplifying the
flow of electrons in a circuit
Two basic types of transistors
are switching and amplifying
Switching transistors are used in
circuits, which are either on or
off
Amplifying transistors amply an
electrical signal are used in
places where the amount of
signal is important
A phototransistor is a solid state
component where the amount of
light which passes through a
lens controls the amount of
current flow
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
http://www.ramseyelectronics.com/support/default.asp?page=kbg&pagenum=4
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Switches
A device which
closes to complete
an electrical circuit
allowing electrons
to flow through the
circuit, or which
opens or breaks a
circuit, stopping the
flow
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
http://www.bedsiworld.com/wiki1-Switch
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Motors
A device used to
convert electrical
energy into
mechanical energy.
The flow of electrons
passing through a
motor can be used to
produce motion by
turning gears and
other mechanical
devices
Created by RAJIB SAMADDER
http://www.germes-online.com/direct/dbimage/50276380/DC_Micro_Motor.jpg
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Integrated Circuits
Three common electronic components, which make up an
integrated circuit, are resistors, transistors and capacitors.
The main advantage of ICs is that so much electronic circuitry
can be in such a small package.
http://www.helicon.co.uk/images/samples/C01356.gif
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