Image of township

considering streets and

open space
It is the streets, plazas, squares, parks,
and other urban public spaces that have
the potential to be THE

STAGE UPON

WHICH THE
DRAMA OF COMMUNAL LIFE
UNFOLDS

AIM:
The task is to understand the street patterns and open space
(familiar space) in township, analyzing them in existing
townships to know what it creates .
OBJECTIVE:
The objective is to understand the social aspects of open space and street
patterns.
Is to understand the function of open space and street patterns.
To study the hierarchy of streets and open space.
The objective is to study the human behavior in social public space ,which
connects the humanity and the built environment.
The objective is to develop a well-designed transportation system and open
space environment to efficiently circulate people, goods and building the
environment, while maintaining a high level of safety.
To analyze the image (physical, social, individual) of open space and
street patterns in township.

STUDY

Stage
1
Stage
3
Stage
2

Live

Analysi
s

stag
e4

Quantitati
ve
Analysis
and
survey

Streets
Streets constitute a
significant part of open
public space functional, social, and
leisure needs of
people which
contributes to the
economic growth,
physical
health of people, and a
sense of community.

advantage of neighbourhood
commercial streets - support
social interaction.
- distinctive character
and
ambience,
- pedestrianfriendly.
street is a social space
rather than just a channel
for movement

Lively Streets
as full of life and energy,
animated, exciting, full of activity and
stimulating, and even bright and
colourful, bouncy, or springy,
a lively street is defined as a
street with
the presence of a number of
people engaged in a variety of
predominantly stationary and
sustained activities, particularly those
activities that are social in nature.
physically

active
communities.

Liveliness

with people and activities

be attributed to the presence
and interaction of people.
Variations in activities result in
perceived liveliness of a street.
people walking through it: a dynamic
activity.
static or stationary activity.

Quality of street
Streets as Primary Urban Public Spa
Think of a city and what comes to
mind? Its streets.
If a citys streets look interesting,
the city looks interesting; if they
look dull, the city looks dull
consumer culture and the need for
active and passive engagement
and interaction, relaxation, and
leisure also supports the

of public life

eighbourhood Commercial Streets

important characteristics that
people look for the liveliness
and diversity of the
predominantly core areas.
by mixing various land uses we can

vibrant,
attractive, safe, viable, and
achieve a more vital,

sustainable pattern of urban lifestyle

concept

Streets as Social Space:

the street

is a social space

movement
the primary activity of
acquiring goods and services,
people go shopping to meet
and spend time with
their friends, to look
around and people-watch,
and to walk around

through repeated short-term

contacts people grow to trust
their fellow city
dwellers who may otherwise be

rather than a channel for

social affiliation and interaction,

sensory stimulation, and other
leisurely
activities among important and basic
motives for shopping behaviour

the street, as a social space, can play

multiple roles and offer social

contact and interaction,

social awareness

and

man Behaviour as a Basis for Design

ccording to human need the behaviour changes

Human Needs: A Sense of

Comfort and Pleasure on the

Street
physiological needs, safety,
belonging, esteem, selfactualization, and cognitive and
aesthetic needs in the built
shelter
and security, social
environment
contact, symbolic identification,
task instrumentality,
pleasure, and growth
it is argued that if the
built
environment can
house and support
desired activities,
human patterns of
interaction, and human
patterns of movement, it

ense of Safety on the Street

sense of real and perceived safety is

affected by the characteristics of the
environment
Basic components of surveillance
people perceived streets to be
safer where there were trees, and
the grass was maintained .
A presence of stores and other nonresidential properties

Sense of Belonging: Community Place

It is suggested that associations
with people, places, and events

contributes to a sense of
familiarity and belonging to
the community

man behaviour social activities

Social activities included

talking, eating or
drinking, walking
pets, window-shopping,
playing a game, and
performing or watching a
performance on the street
with one or more
companions
Liveliness
Index
A measure of the combination of:
1) the number of people
engaged in stationary activities;
2) the number of people in groups
of two or more engaged in some
stationary social activity and;
3) their duration of stay.

Duration of Stay
Walk-by observations
shows concentrations of
people along many block

Location of Activities and Use

of Physical Elements
Zones of Activity

The second zone was

primarily for pedestrian
movement

The third zone was used

to perform the majority of
the stationary and social
activities observed on the
street, such as sitting,
people-watching

The first zone was along the

edges of buildings and was
essentially used for entering and
exiting, window-shopping

Street quality

CLASSIFICATION OF
STREETS AS BASED ON
FUNCTION

Freeways
Principal Arterial Streets
Minor Arterial Streets
Collector Streets
Local Streets

http://www.teachingheritage.nsw.edu.au/1views/w1v_john
ston.html
Ref
: drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/4165/1/umi-umd-

Lively streets
3962.pdf
jpe.sagepub.com/content/27/2/165.refs
ref:

Open space
that is accessible to
the public on a
constant and regular
basis, including for
designated daily
periods, is defined as

Front and
rear
yards;

"public"

Landscaped medians
with seating;
Gardens, if publicly
accessible , public
plazas

Open space that is not publicly

accessible or is available only
to limited users and is not
available to the public on a regular
or constant
basis is
defined as
Yards
or rooftop
recreational
private.
facilities
used by community
facilities, such as public and private
educational institutions,
www.griffith.edu.au/urp

Hierarchy of open
spaces

Open space that is used for sports,

exercise, or active play is classified as
"active

open space,"

Open space that is used for

relaxation, such as sitting or strolling,
is classified as "passive,"
includes seating, lawns, gardens.

In the physical dimension, public

space is all the parts of the urban
fabric to which the public has

physical and visual

access. Thus, it extends from the
important to generate,
enhance, and sustain a

sense of community,
to develop a list of social

street, park, square of a town or city

into the buildings
which
enclosepublic
and line
them
good urban
space
is
required for the

social and psychological

health of modern communities

Meaningful urban public space has

the ability to support, facilitate,

and promote
public life,

active and passive social contact in

open public space such as streets
provides the setting for the learning
of cosmopolitanism

that public space is an

essential arena which
provides
opportunities for

individuals and
communities to
develop and enrich
their lives
four roles for public space:
i) as an arena for public life;
ii) as a meeting place for
different social groups;
iii) as a space for the display
of symbols and images in

urban public space should provide

easy and safe access

for all,
facilitates a variety of activities, fosters
self-esteem and sense of
belonging, increases awareness and
interest in the environment, and
provides enjoyment and social

CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN
SPACE
Unit level open space
Cluster level open space

Nature - beach, river front

Neighborhood level open
Artifact- sculptures
space

System - microclimate
modification
Wealth- commercial streets,
tourism

How to perceive a
space ? - IMAGE OF A
CITY "image"
Kevin
lynch
the city
that is, how
they create and remember
mental images of the largescale environments in which
they live.
The Image of the
Environment. MENTAL
MAPS

workable image of each part.

Each of these images will
comprise;
1. our recognition of its
individuality or
oneness within the city as
a whole,
2. our recognition of its
spatial or pattern
relationships to other

1. THE IMAGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

1.1 EXPERIENCES IN REALTION WITH
SURROUNDINGS

Nothing is
experienced in
itself, but always
in relation to its
surroundings,
the sequences of
events leading to
it, the memory
of past
experiences.

LEGEBILITY
Legibility is a term used to
describe the ease with which
people can understand the
layout of a place. - How
Physical qualities make a place
more understandable

BUILDING THE IMAGE

Imageability, the quality in a
IMAGEABALITY physical object which gives
it a high probability of
evoking a strong image in
any given observer.

The environment suggests

distinctions and relations and the
observer with great adaptability
and in the light of his own purposes

Though each individual

creates his own
image there is a
substantial
agreement among
Thus the image of a given reality maymembers of the
vary significantly between differentsame group.
observers.
psychology

CITY IMAGE ELEMENTS

PATHS, EDGES, DISTRICTS, NODES,

LANDMARKS

Paths :
are the channels, They may be
streets, walkways, transit lines,
canals, railroads ..

-Concentration of activity
-Characteristic spatial qualities
-Proximity to strong elements
identity
-Visual exposure of and from
the path
-strong directional quality
-destination and origin points

DISTRICTS
which the observer mentally
enters inside of, and which are
recognizable as having some
common identifying character"
areas with perceived internal

Thematic continuity
expressed in form of
texture, space, form, detail
etc is very essential
Strong boundaries
enhance the Imageability
of a district

Ex: midtown, its in-town

residential areas, organized
industrial areas, train yards
suburbs, college campuses

Visually prominent and

impenetrable edges seem to
The termination of a district is its edgethe strongest
Continuity and visibility are
"are the linear elements not
crucial to Imageability of an edg
used or considered as paths by
the observer. They are boundaries Edges are often paths as well.
edges have directional
between two phases, linear
breaks in continuity: shores,
qualities
railroad cuts, edges of
Edges have a tendency to
development, walls ...
fragment an environment.

EDGES

NODES
They may be primary junctions,
places of a break in
transportation, a crossing or
convergence of paths, moments
of shift from one structure to
another.

A node is a center of activity. Actually

it is a type of landmark but is
distinguished from a landmark by virtue
of its active function. Where a landmark
is a distinct visual object, a node is a
distinct hub of activity.
Nodes that are essentially intersection
of paths, possess high degree of
Imageability.
A strong physical form is not very
essential for recognition of a node.
A node which is unique by itself and also
intensifies some surrounding
characteristic, seems to be the most

LANDMARKS
"are another type of point-reference,
but in this case the observer does not
enter within them, they are external.
They are usually a rather simply
defined physical object: building,
sign, store, or mountain".

Some landmarks are very small

(e.g. a tree within an urban square)
and can only be seen close up.

Landmarks seen from many

angles and distances and used as
radial references, symbolizing a
constant direction
Landmarks are an important element
of urban form because they help
people to orient themselves in the
city and help identify an area.

Visual landmarks can be

reinforced by other sensations
like smell, sound etc

interactive.usc.edu/blog-old/wpcontent/.../08/Image_of_the_City.pdf

GORDON CULLEN: - Townscape

How do we perceive a Place ??
Possession - Occupied Territory,
Possession in Movement Viscosity
Focal Point
Vista Grandiose vista and Screened
vista
Opportunities for natural surveillance

Aranya Housing, Indore

BHEL
TOWNSHIP
live case
study