A Presentation

on
[Topic Name]

Presented By:
[Presenter Name]

Presentation Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem
Rationale of the Study
Objective
Literature Review
System Design/Research Methodology
Work Plan
Budget

1. Background of the
Study

According to WHO, nosocomial infection is defined as An

infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted
for a reason other than that infection.
Neonatal Nosocomial infections are an important cause of
neonatal morbidity.
According to 2011 Nepal Demographic Health Survey
(NDHS), NMR in the most recent period (2006-2010) is 33
deaths per 1,000 live births.
The reported incidence of nosocomial infection in neonates
from Nepal ranges from 1.5% to 38% (Nepal Journals
Online).
In contrast, surveillance reports from the USA have reported
a rate of 0.9% to 7% (Gayen RP, et al.).

1. Background of the Study

Contd
Approximate prevalence of nosocomial infection in
European countries is nearly about 6.1% and that of
developing countries is nearly about 13.2% (WHO, 19952008).
Infections occur frequently in the neonate, causing illness
and possibly death. Neonates acquire nosocomial infections
from other neonates, staffs from neonatal unit, their mothers
or contaminated supplies and equipment.
So, this study would serve as a baseline guide for further
development and growth of nursing care and enhance the
preventive strategies used to minimize nosocomial infection
from the patient or client, hospital setting, and care giver
itself.

2. Statement of the
Problem
A study to assess the knowledge and practice
of staff working in Neonatal Unit
on
nosocomial infection, at Patan Hospital,
Lagankhel. Neonatal bacterial infections are
an important cause of morbidity and mortality
among neonate admitted to neonatal units.

3. Justification
The researcher believes that the research could
further help and contribute to the following:
1.To the nurse
It could improve the nurses health awareness
andearly preventionskillsand method.
2.
To the hospital administrators
It can serve as bases of promoting and
implementing standard precautionary measures
for the clients, care givers and hospital
administrators welfare.
3.
To the future researchers
The findings in this research can help other
studies that are related to prevention of
nosocomial infection.

4. Objective
1. General Objectives
To assess the knowledge and practice of
staffs working in neonatal unit regarding
nosocomial infection.
2. Specific Objectives
To assess the causes of nosocomial
infection in neonatal unit.
To determine the preventive measure of
nosocomial infection in neonatal unit.
To determine the association between
knowledge and practice of staffs of
neonatal unit.

5. Research Question
Do the staffs of neonatal unit have the
basic knowledge on nosocomial infection?
Have the staffs of neonatal unit received
any formal training regarding nosocomial
infection?
What could be done to increase the
neonatal unit staffs compliance towards
nosocomial infection?
What is the role of hospital in the
prevention of nosocomial infection?
Have the staffs of neonatal unit fully
practiced the knowledge what they have
gained to prevent nosocomial infection?

6. Variable
1.

Independent variables
Information Booklet
Working Experience
Training

2.

Dependent variables
Knowledge and practice of staff about
nosocomial infection.

7. Conceptual Framework
Nature of the nosocomial
infection

Demographic profile ofthe

respondents

Mode of transmission
Prognosis
Prevention and treatment

Educational Attainment
Working Experience

Nosocomial
Infection

Preventable Measures to avoid and minimize

nosocomial infection and the transmission of
otherdiseases.

Hand washing
Use of protective gears
Proper sanitation
Controlling spread of infection
Sterilization
Surveillance
Isolation
Personal hygiene
Safe injection practices
Cleaning of the hospital environment
Disinfection of patients equipments

Figure: Conceptual Framework

Implications to the
reduction of infection
rate and improvement
in services of the
institution.

8. Operational Definition
1. Knowledge: Knowledge means the awareness or information gained
by experience about a particular aspect regarding infection control
measures from staffs.
2. Practice: I t refers to the action of nursing personnels in related to
infection control measures in neonatal unit.
3. Infection control: The utilization of procedures and techniques to
reduce the spread of infection, particularly hospital acquired
infections.
4. Staffs : People who are working in neonatal unit in selected hospitals.
5. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A specialized intensive care unit for
critically ill and preterm newborns.
6. Hand hygiene : ( cleaning hand by washing .drying and using
alchohol based hand rub) Universal precaution in the prevention of the
spread of disease.
7. Morbidity: Relative incidence of a particular disease.
8. Mortality: Ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area;
expressed per 1000 per year
9. Surveillance: Close observation of a person or group.

9. Literature Review
1.WHO Press, 2002 has stated that Nosocomial
infection is one of the leading cause of death and
increased morbidity for hospital patients.
2.Weinstein R. in Principle of Internal Medicine
mentioned that nosocomial infections affect more
than 2 millions patients each year leading to 90,000
deaths per year.
3.S.J. Dancer, 2009 in his research concluded that
using proposed standards for hospital hygiene and
keeping the environment clean can reduce the
nosocomial infection.
4.Smith, John 2009 concluded in his research that
some precautionary measures must be implemented
to the nurse since they are the primary care givers
to neonates, like using of gloves as a protective gear
to prevent transmission of diseases. And proper
hand washing can reduce transmission.

5.

9. Literature Review
Contd..

According to John Bosso (2004), Hand washing by staffs of

neonatal unit is crucial in preventing and controlling the spread
of nosocomial infection. He further stated that through staff
education and awareness, ongoing surveillance, and appropriate
intervention can this common problem be alleviated.
6. Carmen Lucia et. al. has performed a 9 month follow up research
among all the staffs of the neonatal unit of University of Geneva
Hospital where their teams compared observed hand hygiene
compliance and nosocomial infection rates and found that the
overall compliance improved gradually from 42% to 55%.
7. Jyoti Bala conducted a research on knowledge and practices of
staffs in MCH area of selected hospital, Pudhiana and Punjab and
found that 56.66% of the staffs have adequate knowledge
regarding infection control measures. And these staffs are very
much conscious about the nosocomial infections.
8. Darmstadt GL conducted a research on infections control
practices in Bangladesh where he found that program should be
introduced emphasizing education to staffs and caregivers about
the measure to decrease risk of contamination, particularly hand
washing, proper disposal of waste which will decrease the
nosocomial infection rates.

10. Research Methodology

1. Research Design
2. Study Population
3. Sample Size and Sampling
Technique
4. Data Collection Tool
5.Validity and Reliability
6.Data Collection Method
7.Ethical Consideration
8.Delimitation
9.Data Management and Analysis

10.1 Research Design

The descriptive research

design.

10.2 Study Population

Staff working in Neonatal

Unit in Patan Hospital,
Kathmandu.

10.3 Sample Size and Sampling

Technique

Sample size: Sample

comprises to 50 staffs
working in neonatal unit.
Sampling technique: The
random sampling
technique.

10.4 Data Collection Tool

Structure questionnaire
and checklists.

10.5 Validity and Reliability

Review of related literature.
Consulting
with
subject
teacher, research expert and
researches guide.
Pre-test will be done involving
10% of total population.
On the basis of feedback
some modification of the
questions will be done.

10.6 Data Collection Method

Structured questionnaire
method and checklist is
used to collect the
information.

10.7 Ethical Consideration

10.8 Delimitation
This research is limited to a
selected ward and hospital in
Kathmandu.
This research is limited to 50
respondents.
The duration of research is
only 6 weeks.
Budget is limitted.

10.9 Data Management and

Analysis

Information will be collected manually.

It is entered and analyzed using
computer program package MSEXCEL.
The data will be edited and coded and
recoded as per need.
The collected data will be analyzed
and interpreted on the basis of
different statistical calculation like
percentage table, pie chart and bar
graph.

11. Plan for Dissemination

This research will be

provided to:
College library
Patan Hospital
Research guide and to those
who want to pursue their
research in similar research
topic.

12. Work Plan

Week/Activities

Topic Selection, Proposal Finalization

Literature Review

Tools Development

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Report Writing

Report Submission

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

13. Budget
Particulars

Rate (NRs)

Days/Month

Total (NRs)

Principle Investigator

Nil

Data Entry

10/data

500

Field Data Enumerators

500/day

2500

Transportation

100/day

20

2000

Stationary

5000

5000

Food

100

20

2000

Hospital Charge

5000

5000

Grand Total

17000

Any Queries??

Thank You for your

Valuable Time !!!!