03 WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Internal
WCDMA RNP Antenna

Principle and Selection
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 1
Review
Interface between radio transceiver and outside
propagation environment.
Antenna can transmit and receive radio waves.
Converts the RF currents to electromagnetic
(EM) waves;
Receives radio waves, and converts EM waves
to RF currents.
HUAWEI Confidential
Objectives
From this course, we will be able to:
Learn the principle and classification of

antenna
Know some of characteristics of antenna
Study the rules for antenna selection
Understand the antenna selection for different

scenarios
HUAWEI Confidential
Contents
Antenna Principle and Classification
Primary Technical Performances of the Antenna
Rules for Antenna Type Selection
Antenna Selection for Different Scenarios
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna location and

function
Adjustable
support
Pole(50~114mm)
Connector, insulated airproof

tape, PVC insulated tape
Antenna and
feeder system
figure
Board
antenna
Grounded
clip
Feeder(7/8)
Indoor jumper
Outdoor
jumper
Feeder
ladder
Feeder
clip
Thunder
protector
Feeder
window
HUAWEI Confidential
NodeB
Antenna Work Principle
Based on the polarization mode:
Alternant circuit in the lead will radiate electromagnetic (EM) waves, the
radiation ability is related to the length and shape of lead.

When the length of lead is close to wave length, circuit in the lead will
increase greatly and radiate strong radio wave, we call this direct lead as
pole.
positive
negative
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Classification
According to radiation direction
HUAWEI Confidential
According to polarization direction:
Antenna polarization direction: electric field vector is the
polarization direction of EM wave
vertical polarization
+45 polarization
horizontal polarization
-45 polarization
HUAWEI Confidential
According to polarization mode:

vertical polarization antennas (also called mono-polarization
antennas)
Cross polarization antennas (also called dual polarization

antennas).
dual polarization(+-45) antenna
single polarization (vertical) antenna
HUAWEI Confidential
According to the outlines
whip antenna
plate antenna
cap antenna
HUAWEI Confidential
paraboloid antenna
Contents
Antenna Classification and Classification
Primary Technical Performances of Antenna
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Working Bands
in China and Europe
UL: 1920 ~ 1980 MHz
DL: 2110 ~ 2170 MHz
in North America
UL: 1850 ~ 1910 MHz
DL: 1930 ~ 1990 MHz
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Gain
Gain is one of the most important indices of an

antenna. It indicates the antennas capability of
centralizing energy to a certain direction
dBi is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the

actual directional antenna (including omni antenna) in
relation to isotropic antennas, i means isotropic.
dBd is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the
actual directional antenna (including omni antenna) in
relation to dipole antennas, d means dipole.
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Gain
As a passive device, antenna itself cannot

increase the energy of transmitted signals.
It only can centralize the energy to a
certain direction by combining the antenna
dipoles and changing Isotropic
their feeding mode
Dipole
Actual antenna
8.85dBd
2.15dB
2.15dBi
11dBi
ERP
EIRP
The actual antenna gain is 11dBi
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Pattern
The graph describes the distribution of EM field of

the antenna transmission along the fixed distance on
the angular coordinates.
A pattern presented by transmission field intensity is

called field intensity pattern, a pattern presented by
power density is called power density pattern, and a
pattern presented by phase is called phase pattern.
Normally power density pattern is used in Mobile

communication system, it includes vertical pattern
graph and horizontal pattern graph
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Pattern
Symmetric half-wave dipole Pattern
Top view
omni antenna pattern
side view
directional antenna pattern
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Pattern
Beam width (BW) (called semi-power angle)

Front-to-back ratio
Zero-point filling
Upper side lobe suppression
HUAWEI Confidential
Relationship between Wave Width and

Antenna
Gain is an energy-centralizing device. The
enhancement of transmission in one direction means

the reduction of transmission in other directions. In
general, we can enhance the transmission strength
in a certain direction by reducing the horizontal lobe
width so as to increase the antenna gain. Under a
given antenna gain, the horizontal BW is in reverse
proportion with the vertical BW:
Ga 10 lg 32400
Ga : antenna gain, dBi;
B: vertical BW, degree .
: horizontal BW, degree.
HUAWEI Confidential
Polarization Mode
Polarization is the transmission

performance describing the vector
direction of EM field intensity. Unless
specific state, the space direction of
electric field vector is the polarization
direction of EM wave. The vector direction
refers to the direction of maximum
transmission of antenna.
HUAWEI Confidential
Polarization Mode
Single polarization antennas in WCDMA system

adopt vertical polarization, while dual polarization
antennas use polarization diversity to minimize the
negative effect of multi-path fading in the mobile
communication system so as to improve the quality
of receiving signals. Dual polarization antennas in
WCDMA system usually use
45 cross polarization mode.
+/- 45)
HUAWEI Confidential
Mechanical Down Tilt and Electric Down

Tilt Mechanical down
tilt
electric down
tilt
HUAWEI Confidential
Voltage
Standing
Wave
Ratio
When the input impedance is not consistent with
(VSWR)
the characteristic impedance, the reflected wave
and the incident wave overlap on the feeder and

form standing wave. The ratio between the
maximum value and the minimal value of the
adjacent voltage is VSWR. Big VSWR leads
communications distance shortened, at same time
reflection power returns to power amplifier (PA) of
transmitter. PA might be damaged.
HUAWEI Confidential
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

If A andZ o
respectively stand for the input
impedance and nominal impedance of the
antenna,
A o the reflectance is
A o
VSWR
where
matching
1
1
. The
VSWR 1.5 : 1
R.L.(dB) 20 lg
feature of a port can also be indicated by

R.L. dB
Reflection
Loss
. If
Z o 50
Forward: 10W
will be 13.98
50 ohms
Reflection: 0.5W
9.5 W
80
ohms
HUAWEI Confidential
Other Technical Performances
Port Isolation
Power Capacity
Input Interface of the Antenna
Passive Inter-modulation (PIM)
Antenna Size and Weight
Wind Load
Working Temperature and Humidity
Lightning Protection
Three-Proof Capability
HUAWEI Confidential
Contents
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Working Bands
Outdoor Antennas
Both WCDMA and DCS systems
simultaneously
1710 ~ 2170 MHz
Only for WCDMA system
1920 ~ 2170 MHz
Indoor Antennas
for
GSM/DCS/WLAN/WCDMA
800 ~ 2500 MHz
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Antenna Beam Width

Selection
Selection of beam width
horizontal beam : depends on the type design
of NodeB
vertical beam: depends on antenna gain
In urban areas
3-sector vertex-excited NodeBs, 65 horizontal
beam width
6-sector vertex-excited NodeBs, 33 horizontal
beam width
In suburban areas
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Polarization Mode Selection
urban area
dual polarization antennas
open mountainous areas and rural

areas
vertical single polarization antennas
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Downtilt Mode

Selection
Comparison between Mechanical Downtilt and Electric Downtilt
HUAWEI Confidential

Comparison
between Preset Electricity Downtilt and Zero-Point Filling
Selection
The use of preset electric downtilt can

shorten the coverage range of the main lobe
if the cell coverage is planed to small.
Through zero-point filling, a kind of shaping

technology, we can obtain a good pattern. In
this case, the upper side lobe can be
suppressed, so this kind of antennas will
influence other aspects.
HUAWEI Confidential

Selection
Planning and Optimization of Downtilt Angle
For an omni antenna, we cannot adjust the

mechanical downtilt angle, but we can select
preset electricity downtilt angle antennas.
For a directional antenna, in different

occasions, requirements for the downtilt angle
adjustment range are different.
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Front-to-back Ratio

Selection
In occasions where NodeB sites are densely
distributed, if the back lobe is too big, it will be

likely to cause pilot pollution and the network
quality will be influenced. In urban areas, the
antenna front-to-back ratio should be 25dB. In
suburbs or rural areas, the antenna front-to-back
ratio can appropriately lower.
The front-to-back ratio is in reverse proportion to

the beam width. The narrower the beam is, the
higher the front-to-back ratio is.
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Antenna Size

Selection
Antenna size selection is mainly
Antenna size selection is mainly
related to the install ability
Firstly, the antenna size is related

to the technical level of
manufacturers
Secondly, the antenna size is

related to the antenna gain
HUAWEI Confidential
Principle for Antenna Impedance

Selection
The input impedance of a combiner is 50. In
order to reduce the standing wave ratio, the

characteristic impedance of an antenna should
match with the input impedance, namely, it
should be 50.
General, the characteristic impedance can

meet this requirement, but attention should be
paid to this index during selection or
certification of new antennas.
HUAWEI Confidential
Contents
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Antenna Selection for Different

In WCDMA system, antenna selection is very important.
Scenarios
Antennas should be selected based on the practical
situations such as the NodeB design, network coverage

requirements and interference conditions.
Practical situations
In urban coverage
In sub-urban coverage
In rural coverage
In highway coverage
In indoor coverage
In offshore coverage
In tunnel coverage
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Urban Coverage
Huawei Recommendation
Frequency range: 1710 ~ 2170 MHz/
45dual polarization / 65horizontal
BW/15 dBi gain/preset 6electrical DT or 0
~ 10adjustable electrical DT and 0 ~ 15
adjustable mechanical DT/upper side lobe
suppression and zero-point filling/25dB or
higher front-to-back ratio.
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Suburban Coverage
Huawei Recommendation:
Select the specific antennas by referring to
antenna selection for urban areas and that
for rural areas depending on the distance
between two NodeBs and traffic density.
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Rural Coverage
Recommendation (for directional

antennas): Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170
MHz / dual or vertical polarization / 90
horizontal beam width / 18 dBi antenna gain /
without preset downtilt / zero-point filling
Recommendation (for omni antennas):

Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / vertical
polarization / 11 dBi antenna gain / without
preset downtilt / zero-point filling
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Highway Coverage
Recommendation (for directional antennas):

Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / vertical
polarization / 30 horizontal beam width / high gain
(for example: 21 dBi) / without preset downtilt /
zero-point filling
Recommendation (for 8-figure-shape

antennas): Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz /
vertical polarization / dual 70 horizontal beam
width / 14 dBi antenna gain / without preset
downtilt / zero-point filling
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
For Highway Coverage

Recommendation (for heart-shape
antennas):
Frequency range: 1710 ~ 2170 MHz/VP/2
10horizontal BW / 12 dBi gain / without preset
DT
zero-point filling
S0.5/0.5 NodeB configuration with high-gain
directional antennas
8-figure-shape antennas
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Indoor Coverage
Recommendation (for omni antennas):

Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500 MHz/vertical
polarization
(VP)/360horizontal BW, 90 vertical BW/2dBi gain.
Recommendation (for plate directional

antennas): Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500
MHz/vP/90horizontal BW, 60vertical BW/7dBi gain.
Recommendation (for log-periodical antennas):

Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500 MHz/VP/55horizontal
BW, 50 vertical BW/11.5dBi gain.

HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Offshore Coverage
Antenna Recommended:
frequency range: 1710 ~
2170 MHz
30 horizontal BW
gain 21 dBi
without preset DT
zero-point filling
HUAWEI Confidential

Scenarios
In Tunnel Coverage
Antenna Recommended
Frequency range: 800 ~ 2200 MHz
55/30horizontal BW
log-periodical type with gain 11.5 dBi
(consider sharing with GSM/DCS
systems).
Leaky cable
HUAWEI Confidential
Contents
Major Technical Performances of the Antenna
Principles for Antenna Type Selection
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Summary
This course helps us:
To master antenna principle and classification
To master parameters of antenna
To understand the principles of antenna selection
To select antenna focusing on specific working

environments
HUAWEI Confidential
Thank you
www.huawei.com

03 WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

03 WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Internal

WCDMA RNP Antenna

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Learn the principle and classification of

Know some of characteristics of antenna

Study the rules for antenna selection

Understand the antenna selection for different

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna location and

Connector, insulated airproof

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna Work Principle

Based on the polarization mode:

radiation ability is related to the length and shape of lead.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to radiation direction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to polarization direction:

Antenna polarization direction: electric field vector is the

polarization direction of EM wave

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to polarization mode:

Cross polarization antennas (also called dual polarization

dual polarization(+-45) antenna

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

single polarization (vertical) antenna

According to the outlines

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

in China and Europe

UL: 1920 ~ 1980 MHz

DL: 2110 ~ 2170 MHz

UL: 1850 ~ 1910 MHz

DL: 1930 ~ 1990 MHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Gain is one of the most important indices of an

dBi is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

As a passive device, antenna itself cannot

The actual antenna gain is 11dBi

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

The graph describes the distribution of EM field of

A pattern presented by transmission field intensity is

Normally power density pattern is used in Mobile

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

omni antenna pattern

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

directional antenna pattern

Beam width (BW) (called semi-power angle)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Relationship between Wave Width and

enhancement of transmission in one direction means

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Polarization is the transmission

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Single polarization antennas in WCDMA system

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Mechanical Down Tilt and Electric Down

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

and the incident wave overlap on the feeder and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)